Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259709999
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 2MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The invading pathogens encounter the innate and adaptive immunity inside the body. To avoid being killed by the self-defense mechanisms of the immune system, the microbes have evolved a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include hiding in the host cell, avoiding the host cell phagocytosis, and avoiding complement system proteins and antibodies. Microbes have also evolved some structures that help them in avoiding the defense mechanisms of the host body like a capsule and M protein.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which antibody type description among A- D is falsely characterized?
A) O IgA: form dimers; prevent adherence of pathogens to mucosal surfaces
1f1
B) O IgG: circulating antibody with multiple functions; formed in high numbers in secondary antibody response
C) O IgM: forms multimers whose function is agglutination of infectious microbes
D) O IgE, IgD: carry out their function while bound to the surfaces of specific cell types
E) O None are false, A-D are all correct
4) A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident. How will this affect the immune response?
5) You come in contact with staphylococci through a cut. What cellular features will the immune cells recognize?
6) Name two opsonins and how do these molecules help the immune response?
7) Fever is part of the inflammatory process. What is the role of fever during an immune response?
8) This chemical is used to induce anti-viral responses in cells to protect the cells from viral infections.
9) This complement activation pathway is activated when complement binds to an antibody bound to antigens.
Surface markers on pathogens are sometimes referred to as:
A)
PRRs
B)
TLRs
C)
PAMPs
D)
Fc receptors
E)
none of these
Chapter 16 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Ch. 16 -
1. Describe three types of symbiotic...Ch. 16 -
2. Describe two situations that can lead to...Ch. 16 -
3. How are acute, chronic, and latent infections...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4SACh. 16 - Describe the four general mechanisms by which...Ch. 16 - Describe two mechanisms that bacteria use to...Ch. 16 - Explain how a capsule can allow an organism to be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8SACh. 16 -
9. Describe two mechanisms a virus might use to...Ch. 16 -
10. How do Schistosoma species avoid antibodies?
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MCCh. 16 - Prob. 2MCCh. 16 - The C5a peptidase enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4MCCh. 16 - Prob. 5MCCh. 16 - Prob. 6MCCh. 16 - Prob. 7MCCh. 16 - Prob. 8MCCh. 16 - Prob. 9MCCh. 16 -
10. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 16 - A group of smokers suffering from Staphylococcus...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2ACh. 16 - Prob. 1CTCh. 16 - Prob. 2CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. ( select all the correct answers) Group of answer choices a) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. b) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell c) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. d) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. e) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forwardThe figure above depicts an antibody. For the labeled areas, which statement among A-D is not correct? A) O Mature, functional IgA antibodies possess a total of two sites labeled A B) O Your IgM antibodies are all similar in these areas: A C) O During opsonization, area B would bind to a bacterium D) O Your IgD antibodies are all different in this area: B 111 E) O None are matched correctly. B.arrow_forward.A table comparing the biological characteristics of the five classes of immunoglobulins is shown below. Answer yes or no in the spaces provided, (You can draw the table in your answer paper) IgE IgD Biological activity a) Activates classical complement pathway b) Present on the membrane of the mature B cells c) Present in secretions d) Induces mast-cell degranulation e) Crosses placenta IgG IgA IgMarrow_forward
- The classical complement pathway involves activation of the complement proteins in which of the following manners? 1) C3b binds to the microbial surface, with factors B, D, and P 2) C1 binds to antibodies bound to the microbe's surface 3) Fungal mannose sugars trigger complement proteins in the blood 4) C3b binds to antibodies bound to the microbial surfacearrow_forward** SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Select the correct statement regarding the role of activated complement protein a) enhancement of B cell proliferation b) prevention of autoimmune disease c) enable opsonization d) stimulate phagocytosis e)insertida of MAC and cell lysisarrow_forwardWhich is not a direct consequence of an antibody antigen interaction? A) O clump or agglutinate antigens B) O neutralization of toxin C) O prevent adherence of pathogens D) O stimulation of B cells E) O all the above are consequences of an antibody antigen interactionarrow_forward
- For the following questions, specify which immunoglobulin is being described, according to the following key: a) IgA b) IgE c) IgG d) IgM e) more than one 33) Produced early in infection with high avidity 34) Labeled "secretory* 35) Most associated with parasitic infection 36) Generally produced most prominently following clearance of initial infection 37) Pentameric 38) Capable of forming a hybridoma 39) Associated with mast cell activation 40) Found predominantly in mucus secretionsarrow_forward7. Which of these cells can activate both B & T lymphocytes? a) Helper T cells b) Plasma cells c) Cytotoxic T cells d) Neutrophils e) Mast cells 8. Which of the following happens when a B cell is activated? a) Inflammation b) The activated B cell differentiates into plasma cells and memory cells c) The B cell will suppress the immune response d) It acts as a phagocyte to engulf antigens e) The activated B cell will release haptens 9. How are T lymphocytes activated? a) Release of histamine during the inflammatory process triggers their activation b) By interferon and antibodies Contact with exposed collagen activates helper T cells d) Through direct contact with a foreign antigen e) Activation of any component of the nonspecific immune response will activate T cells 10. The variable region of an antibody c) ngang naging a) Binds to a specific epitope on an antigen. b) Can bind to several different antigens on the same bacterial cell. c) Binds to the first complement protein (C1). d) Is…arrow_forwardDelayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the skina) are characterized by a wheal and flare reaction.b) peak at 4 to 6 hours after exposure to antigen.c) require complement activation.d) show induration because of the influx of sensitized T cells and macrophages.e) depend on activities of the Fc portion of antibodies.arrow_forward
- 41) For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that A) the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. B) a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. C) all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. D) the pathogen has only one epitope. E) the MHC molecules are heterozygous. 42) In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as A) an allergy. B) an immunodeficiency. C) an autoimmune disease. D) an antigenic variation. E) a cancer.arrow_forwardImmune system protects our body from illnesses. a) Complete the table below to show the differences between the cells of the immune system involved in humoral immune response and cell-mediated immune response. Description Humoral immune response Cell-mediated immune response Origin of cells Primary cells Site of cell maturation b) What is the effect of an antigen on B cells? c) Name the substance that is secreted by macrophages and leucocytes to trigger immune responsed) State the effect of the substance named in (c) in immune response.arrow_forward1. During an HIV infection, a doctor would expect which of these cytokines to be most elevated? A) TGF-B B) IL-8 C) IFNY D) IL-1arrow_forward
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