Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 1RQ
Summary Introduction
To indicate:
The distribution of preganglionic (using red) and ganglionic neurons (using black) in the diagram showing the distribution of sympathetic innervations.
Concept introduction:
The sympathetic division consists of two motor neurons, preganglionic neurons and ganglionic neurons. The preganglionic neurons bring command from the central nervous system while the ganglionic neurons take command from it to the various effector organs. The preganglionic and ganglionic neurons synapse in the ganglia.
The main function of sympathetic division is to prepare the body for the stress and emergency conditions. It adjusts the physiological processes of the body for this.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CPCh. 16 - Prob. 2CPCh. 16 - Prob. 3CPCh. 16 - Prob. 4CPCh. 16 - Prob. 5CPCh. 16 - Prob. 6CPCh. 16 - Prob. 7CPCh. 16 - Prob. 8CPCh. 16 - Prob. 9CPCh. 16 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 16 - Name the two types of cholinergic receptors on the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12CPCh. 16 - Prob. 13CPCh. 16 - Prob. 14CPCh. 16 - Prob. 15CPCh. 16 - Prob. 16CPCh. 16 - Prob. 17CPCh. 16 - Prob. 18CPCh. 16 - Prob. 19CPCh. 16 - Prob. 20CPCh. 16 - Prob. 21CPCh. 16 - Prob. 22CPCh. 16 - Prob. 23CPCh. 16 - Prob. 24CPCh. 16 - Prob. 25CPCh. 16 - Prob. 26CPCh. 16 - Prob. 27CPCh. 16 - Prob. 28CPCh. 16 - Prob. 1RQCh. 16 - Prob. 2RQCh. 16 - Prob. 3RQCh. 16 - Prob. 4RQCh. 16 - Prob. 5RQCh. 16 - Prob. 6RQCh. 16 - Prob. 7RQCh. 16 - What are the components of a visceral reflex arc?Ch. 16 - Prob. 9RQCh. 16 - Prob. 10RQCh. 16 - Prob. 11RQCh. 16 - All preganglionic autonomic fibers release _____...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13RQCh. 16 - Prob. 14RQCh. 16 - Prob. 15RQCh. 16 - Prob. 16RQCh. 16 - Prob. 17RQCh. 16 - Prob. 18RQCh. 16 - Prob. 19RQCh. 16 - Prob. 20RQCh. 16 - Prob. 21RQCh. 16 - Prob. 22RQCh. 16 - Prob. 23RQCh. 16 - Prob. 24RQCh. 16 - Prob. 25RQCh. 16 - Prob. 26RQCh. 16 - Prob. 27RQCh. 16 - Prob. 28RQCh. 16 - Prob. 29RQCh. 16 - Prob. 30RQCh. 16 - Prob. 31RQCh. 16 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16 - Prob. 2CCCh. 16 - Prob. 3CC
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- In the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: Select one: The ratio between the number of postganglionic and preganglionic neurons is small. A single preganglionic neuron usually synapses with a single postganglionic neuron. An important functional characteristic is convergence of the preganglionic fibers. Preganglionic fibers are usually much longer than the postganglionic fibers. Activity of the neurons tends to have a more generalized and widespread effect on the body.arrow_forwardAnisha is preparing for a physiology test and she faces some difficulties in the topic of peripheral nervous system. Help her to complete Tables 1 and 2 in your answer book. Table 1 Comparison between somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system Characteristics Effectors General function Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Effects on target tissues Number of neurons in the efferent pathway Table 2 Comparison between sympathetic division and parasympathetic division Characteristic Origin and site of outflow Relative length of pre- and postganglionic fibers Neurotransmitter Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Physiological functions Myelination Receptorsarrow_forwardClassify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic Nervous System Most ganglia lie close to the spinal cord and form two chains of ganglia-one on each side of the spinal cord Increases intestinal motility and stimulates intestinal secretion Postganglionic axons are generally short Preganglionic axons are generally short Postganglionic axons release NE that binds to adrenergic receptors located on the effectors Decreases heart rate, contractility, and conduction velocity Ganglia lie within, or very close to, innervated organs Decreases intestinal motility and inhibits intestinal secretion Long preganglionic axons release ACh that binds to nicotinic receptors located within the ganglia Neurons leave the CNS from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord Parasympathetic Nervous System Generalized activation is called the fight-or-flight response…arrow_forward
- In cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of the choline transporter will affect the normal synthesis and release acetylcholineTRUE OR FALSEarrow_forwardThe cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic rHeurons are located in O the dorsal root ganglia the ventral horn small neuronal clusters situated outside of target organs such as the intestines and kidne the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cordarrow_forwardSympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter:arrow_forward
- Describe the lengths of the preganglionic andpostganglionic neurons of the sympathetic divisionarrow_forwardCompare and contrast the postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. Examine the axon length, myelination (or lack thereof), and the neurotransmitter used.arrow_forwardDescribe the four major ways by which sympathetic axonspass from sympathetic chain ganglia to effectors. Name fourabdominopelvic autonomic nerve plexuses.arrow_forward
- For each of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system, state whether it is true or false. Postganglionic neurons can stimulate the heart [Select] Preganglionic nerve fibers originate from the brainstem or from the sacral part of the spinal cord [Select] Preganglionic fibers are relatively long [Select] Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select] Postganglionic neurons can stimulate skeletal muscle [Select] Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select]arrow_forwardIn most instances the sympathetic and parasympathetic have opposite effects on effectors where they both innervate. Describe an example where they have cooperative effects, not the opposite.arrow_forwardView the University of Michigan WebScope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments that are bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain to make them a deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?arrow_forward
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