Problem 16.1KSP: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.22 M in nitrite ion (NO2) at 25C. Ka for nitrous acid... Problem 16.2KSP: Determine pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 41.0 mL 0.096 M formic acid with 0.108 M... Problem 16.3KSP: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.22 M in pyridinium ion (C5H5NH+) at 25C. Kb for pyridine... Problem 16.4KSP: Determine pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 26.0 mL 1.12 M pyridine with 0.93 M HC1 at... Problem 16.1QP: F or a species to act as a Brnsted base, an atom in the species must possess a lone pair of... Problem 16.2QP: Identify the acid-base conjugate pairs in each of the following reactions.... Problem 16.3QP Problem 16.4QP Problem 16.5QP: Write the formulas of the conjugate bases of the following acids: (a) HNO2, (b) H2SO4, (c) H2S, (d)... Problem 16.6QP Problem 16.7QP Problem 16.8QP: List four factors that affect the strength of an acid. Problem 16.9QP Problem 16.10QP Problem 16.11QP Problem 16.12QP Problem 16.13QP Problem 16.14QP: Write the equilibrium expression for the autoionization of water. Problem 16.15QP: Write an equation relating [H+] and [OH] in solution at 25C. Problem 16.16QP: Write an equation relating [H+] and [OH] in solution at 25C. Problem 16.17QP Problem 16.18QP Problem 16.19QP Problem 16.20QP Problem 16.21QP Problem 16.22QP Problem 16.23QP Problem 16.24QP: Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in a 0.62 M NaOH solution. Problem 16.25QP: Calculate the concentration of OH ions in a 1.4 103 M HCl solution. Problem 16.26QP: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions: (a) 2.8 104 M Ba(OH)2, (b) 5.2 104 M HNO3. Problem 16.27QP: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.0010 M HCl, (b) 0.76 M KOH. Problem 16.28QP Problem 16.29QP Problem 16.30QP Problem 16.31QP: How much NaOH (in grams) is needed to prepare 546 mL of solution with a pH of 10.00 at 25C? Problem 16.32QP Problem 16.33QP: Why are ionizations of strong acids and strong bases generally not treated as equilibria? Problem 16.34QP: Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at 25C that is (a) 0.023 M in HCl, (b) 8.1 106 M in HNO3,... Problem 16.35QP Problem 16.36QP: Calculate the concentration of HBr in a solution at 25C that has a pH of (a) 0.21, (b) 5.46, and (c)... Problem 16.37QP: Calculate the concentration of HNO3 in a solution at 25C that has a pH of (a) 2.91, (b) 5.33, and... Problem 16.38QP: Calculate the pOH and pH of the following aqueous solutions at 25C: (a) 0.016 M KOH, (b) 1.35 M... Problem 16.39QP: Calculate the pOH and pH of the following aqueous solutions at 25C: (a) 0.0715 M LiOH, (b) 0.0441 M... Problem 16.40QP Problem 16.41QP Problem 16.42QP Problem 16.43QP Problem 16.1VC Problem 16.2VC Problem 16.3VC Problem 16.4VC Problem 16.44QP Problem 16.45QP Problem 16.46QP Problem 16.47QP: Why do we normally not quote Ka values for strong acids such as HCl and HNO3? Problem 16.48QP: Why is it necessary to specify temperature when giving Ka values? Problem 16.49QP: Which of the following solutions has the highest pH: (a) 0.40 M HCOOH, (b) 0.40 M HClO4, (c) 0.40 M... Problem 16.50QP Problem 16.51QP: The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 105. Calculate the pH of a 0.10-M aqueous solution of benzoic acid... Problem 16.52QP: Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at 25C that is 0.34 M in phenol (C6H5OH). (Ka for phenol =... Problem 16.53QP: Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at 25C that is 0.095 M in hydrocyanic acid (HCN). (Ka for... Problem 16.54QP: Determine the percent ionization of the following solutions of phenol: (a) 0.56 M, (b) 0.25 M, (c)... Problem 16.55QP: Determine the percent ionization of the following solutions of formic acid at 25C: (a) 0.016 M, (b)... Problem 16.56QP: Calculate the concentration at which a monoprotic acid with Ka = 4.5 105 will be 1.5% ionized. Problem 16.57QP: A 0.015-M solution of a monoprotic acid is 0.92% ionized. Calculate the ionization constant for the... Problem 16.58QP Problem 16.59QP Problem 16.60QP Problem 16.61QP Problem 16.62QP Problem 16.63QP: In biological and medical applications, it is often necessary to study the autoionization of water... Problem 16.64QP: Classify each of the following species as a weak or strong acid: (a) HNO3, (b) HF, (c) H2SO4, (d)... Problem 16.65QP Problem 16.66QP Problem 16.67QP Problem 16.68QP: Which of the following has a higher pH: (a) 1.0 M NH3, (b) 0.20 M NaOH (Kb, for NH3 = 1.8 105)? Problem 16.69QP Problem 16.70QP Problem 16.71QP Problem 16.72QP: What is the original molarity of an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH3) whose pH is 11.22 at 25C? (Use... Problem 16.73QP Problem 16.74QP Problem 16.75QP Problem 16.76QP Problem 16.77QP Problem 16.78QP: Calculate Ka for each of the following ions: NH4+, C6H5NH3+, CH3NH3+, C2H5NH3+. (See Table 16.6.) Problem 16.79QP: The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of three different monoprotic acids: HA, HB, and... Problem 16.80QP Problem 16.81QP: Write all the species (except water) that are present in a phosphoric acid solution. Indicate which... Problem 16.82QP: Write the Ka1 and Ka2 expressions for sulfurous acid, H2SO3. Problem 16.83QP Problem 16.84QP Problem 16.85QP Problem 16.86QP Problem 16.87QP: Calculate the pH at 25C of a 0.25-M aqueous solution of oxalic acid (H2C2O4). (Ka1 and Ka2 for... Problem 16.88QP: The first and second ionization constants of a diprotic acid H2A are Ka1 and Ka2 at a certain... Problem 16.89QP Problem 16.90QP Problem 16.91QP: Explain why small, highly charged metal ions are able to undergo hydrolysis. Problem 16.92QP Problem 16.93QP: Specify which of the following salts will undergo hydrolysis: KF, NaNO3, NH4NO2, MgSO4, KCN,... Problem 16.94QP Problem 16.95QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.42 M NH4Cl solution. (Kb for ammonia = 1.8 105.) Problem 16.96QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.082 M NaF solution. (Ka for HF = 7.1 104.) Problem 16.97QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.91 M C2H5NH3I solution. (Kb for C2H5NH2 = 5.6 104.) Problem 16.98QP Problem 16.99QP: Predict whether the following solutions are acidic, basic, or nearly neutral: (a) NaBr, (b) K2SO3,... Problem 16.100QP Problem 16.101QP: In a certain experiment, a student finds that the pH values of 0.10-M solutions of three potassium... Problem 16.102QP Problem 16.103QP Problem 16.104QP: Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic, amphoteric, or neutral: (a) CO2, (b) K2O, (c) CaO,... Problem 16.105QP Problem 16.106QP: Explain why metal oxides tend to be basic if the oxidation number of the metal is low and tend to be... Problem 16.107QP: Arrange the oxides in each of the following groups in order of increasing basicity: (a) K2O, A12O3,... Problem 16.108QP Problem 16.109QP Problem 16.110QP Problem 16.111QP Problem 16.112QP Problem 16.113QP: In terms of orbitals and electron arrangements, what must be present for a molecule or an ion to act... Problem 16.114QP Problem 16.115QP Problem 16.116QP: Which would be considered a stronger Lewis acid: (a) BF3 or BCl3, (b) Fe2+ or Fe3+? Explain. Problem 16.117QP Problem 16.118QP: Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the following reactions. (a) Fe(s)+5CO(g)Fe(CO)5(l)... Problem 16.119QP: Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the following reactions. (a) AlBr3(s)+Br-(aq)AlBr4(aq)... Problem 16.120QP Problem 16.121QP Problem 16.122QP Problem 16.123QP Problem 16.124QP Problem 16.125QP: Calculate the pH and percent ionization of a 0.88 M HNO2 solution at 25C. Problem 16.126QP Problem 16.127QP Problem 16.128QP: The pH of a 0.0642-M solution of a monoprotic acid is 3.86. Is this a strong acid? Problem 16.129QP Problem 16.130QP: HA and HB are both weak acids although HB is the stronger of the two. Will it take a larger volume... Problem 16.131QP Problem 16.132QP Problem 16.133QP: Use the data in Table 16.5 to calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction:... Problem 16.134QP Problem 16.135QP: Most of the hydrides of Group 1A and Group 2 A metals are ionic (the exceptions are BeH2 and MgH2,... Problem 16.136QP Problem 16.137QP: Novocaine, used as a local anesthetic by dentists, is a weak base (Kb = 8.91 106). What is the... Problem 16.138QP: Which of the following is the stronger base: NF3 or NH3? (Hint: F is more electronegative than H.) Problem 16.139QP Problem 16.140QP: The ion product of D20 is 1.35 1015 at 25C. (a) Calculate pD where pD = log [D+]. (b) For what... Problem 16.141QP Problem 16.142QP Problem 16.143QP Problem 16.144QP Problem 16.145QP Problem 16.146QP: When the concentration of a strong acid is not substantially higher than 1.0 107 M, the ionization... Problem 16.147QP: Calculate the pH of a 2.00 M NH4CN solution. Problem 16.148QP Problem 16.149QP Problem 16.150QP Problem 16.151QP Problem 16.152QP: Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a weak acid and a deadly poisonous compoundin the gaseous form (hydrogen... Problem 16.153QP: How many grams of NaCN would you need to dissolve in enough water to make exactly 250 mL of solution... Problem 16.154QP Problem 16.155QP: Calculate the pH of a 1-L solution containing 0.150 mole of CH3COOH and 0.100 mole of HCl. Problem 16.156QP Problem 16.157QP: You are given two beakers, one containing an aqueous solution of strong acid (HA) and the other an... Problem 16.158QP: Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the effect of the following changes on the extent of... Problem 16.159QP: A 0.400 M formic acid (HCOOH) solution freezes at 0.758C. Calculate the Ka of the acid at that... Problem 16.160QP: The disagreeable odor of fish is mainly due to organic compounds (RNH2) containing an amino group,... Problem 16.161QP Problem 16.162QP Problem 16.163QP: Both the amide ion (NH2) and the nitride ion (N3) are stronger bases than the hydroxide ion and... Problem 16.164QP: When carbon dioxide is bubbled through a clear calcium hydroxide solution, the solution appears... Problem 16.165QP: Explain the action of smelling salt, which is ammonium carbonate [(NH4)2CO3]. (Hint: The thin film... Problem 16.166QP: About half of the hydrochloric acid produced annually in the United States (3.0 billion pounds) is... Problem 16.167QP: Which of the following does not represent a Lewis acid-base reaction? (a) H2O+H+H3O+ (b)... Problem 16.168QP: Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, explain why the... Problem 16.169QP: How many milliliters of a strong monoprotic acid solution at pH = 4.12 must be added to 528 mL of... Problem 16.170QP: Hemoglobin (Hb) is a blood protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen. It can exist in the... Problem 16.171QP Problem 16.172QP: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 1.00 M HCN and 1.00 M HF. Compare the concentration (in... Problem 16.173QP: Tooth enamel is largely hydroxyapatite [Ca3(PO4)3OH]. When it dissolves in water (a process called... Problem 16.174QP Problem 16.175QP Problem 16.176QP Problem 16.177QP: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) accounts for as much as 80 percent of the acid in acid rain. Its first... Problem 16.178QP: A 1-87-g sample of Mg reacts with 80.0 mL of a HCl solution whose pH is 0.544. What is the pH of the... format_list_bulleted