Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321993724
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 14FTD
Global warming at Earth’s surface is generally producing greater temperature rises over land than over the oceans. Why might this be?
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The average temperature of the atmosphere has increased by 0.4°C over the last thirty years. Estimate how much energy has gone into warming up the planet in this way. Keep in mind that the atmosphere has a mass of 5 × 1018kg, and the specific heat capacity of air is about 1 Jg−1K−1.
Explain why:
(a) the earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold(b) heating systems based on circulation of steam are more efficient in warming a building than those based on circulation of hot water.
It is well known that wind makes the cold air feel much colder as a result of the wind chill effect that is due to the increase in the convection heat transfer coefficient with increasing air velocity. The wind chill effect is usually expressed in terms of the wind chill temperature (WCT), which is the apparent temperature felt by exposed skin. For outdoor air temperature of 0°C, for example, the wind chill temperature is 25°C at 20 km/h winds and -9°C at 60 km/h winds. That is, a person exposed to 0°C windy air at 20 km/h will feel as cold as a person exposed to -5°C calm air (air motion under 5 km/h). For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30-cm-diameter, 170-cm-long vertical cylinder with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the side surface at an average temperature of 34°C. For a convection heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2·K, determine the rate of heat loss from this man by convection in still air at 20°C. What would your answer be if the…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - Is there (a) no temperature, (b) one temperature,...Ch. 16.2 - A hot rock with mass 250 g is dropped into an...Ch. 16.3 - The figure shows three slabs with the same...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 16.4GICh. 16.4 - A houses thermostat fails, leaving the furnace...Ch. 16 - If system A is not in thermodynamic equilibrium...Ch. 16 - Does a thermometer measure its own temperature or...Ch. 16 - Compare the relative sizes of the kelvin, the...Ch. 16 - If you put a thermometer in direct sunlight, what...Ch. 16 - Why does the temperature in a stone building...
Ch. 16 - Why do large bodies of water exert a...Ch. 16 - A Thermos bottle consists of an evacuated,...Ch. 16 - Stainless-steel cookware often has a layer of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9FTDCh. 16 - Prob. 10FTDCh. 16 - Glass and fiberglass are made from the same...Ch. 16 - To keep your hands warm while skiing, you should...Ch. 16 - Since Earth is exposed to solar radiation, why...Ch. 16 - Global warming at Earths surface is generally...Ch. 16 - In its 2014 report, the Intergovernmental Panel on...Ch. 16 - A Canadian meteorologist predicts an overnight low...Ch. 16 - Normal room temperature is 68F. Whats this in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18ECh. 16 - At what temperature do the Fahrenheit and Celsius...Ch. 16 - The normal boiling point of nitrogen is 77.3 K....Ch. 16 - Prob. 21ECh. 16 - Prob. 22ECh. 16 - Prob. 23ECh. 16 - Whats the specific heat of a material if it takes...Ch. 16 - The average human diet contains about 2000 kcal...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26ECh. 16 - You bring a 350-g wrench into the house from your...Ch. 16 - Prob. 28ECh. 16 - Building heat loss in the United States is usually...Ch. 16 - Find the heat-loss rate through a slab of (a) wood...Ch. 16 - The top of a steel wood stove measures 90 cm by 40...Ch. 16 - Youre a builder whos advising a homeowner to have...Ch. 16 - An 8.0 m by 12 m house is built on a concrete slab...Ch. 16 - Find the -factor for a wall that loses 0.040 Btu...Ch. 16 - Compute the -factors for 1-inch thicknesses of...Ch. 16 - A horseshoe has surface area 50 cm2, and a...Ch. 16 - An oven loses energy at the rate of 14 W per C...Ch. 16 - Youre having your homes heating system replaced,...Ch. 16 - The filament of a 100-W lightbulb is at 3.0 kK....Ch. 16 - A typical human body has surface area 1.4 nr and...Ch. 16 - A constant-volume gas thermometer is filled with...Ch. 16 - A constant-volume gas thermometer is at 55-kPa...Ch. 16 - In Fig. 16.2s gas thermometer, the height h is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 44PCh. 16 - Typical fats contain about 9 kcal per gram. If the...Ch. 16 - A circular lake 1.0 km in diameter is 10 m deep...Ch. 16 - How much heat is required to raise an 800-g copper...Ch. 16 - Initially, 100 g of water and 100 g of another...Ch. 16 - Prob. 49PCh. 16 - Two neighbors return from Florida to find their...Ch. 16 - Prob. 51PCh. 16 - Prob. 52PCh. 16 - Prob. 53PCh. 16 - The temperature of the eardrum provides a reliable...Ch. 16 - Prob. 55PCh. 16 - Your young niece complains that her cocoa, at 90C,...Ch. 16 - A piece of copper at 300C is dropped into 1.0 kg...Ch. 16 - While camping, you boil water to make spaghetti....Ch. 16 - A biology labs walk-in cooler measures 3.0 m by...Ch. 16 - One end of an iron rod 40 cm long and 3.0 cm in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 61PCh. 16 - An electric stove burner has surface area 325 cm2...Ch. 16 - An electric current passes through a metal strip...Ch. 16 - Youre considering purchasing a new sleeping bag...Ch. 16 - A blacksmith heats a 1.1-kg iron horseshoe to...Ch. 16 - Whats the power output of a microwave oven that...Ch. 16 - A cylindrical log 15 cm in diameter and 65 cm long...Ch. 16 - A blue giant star whose surface temperature is 23...Ch. 16 - Prob. 69PCh. 16 - A black wood stove with surface area 4.6 nr is...Ch. 16 - Estimate the average temperature on Pluto,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 72PCh. 16 - Prob. 73PCh. 16 - Prob. 74PCh. 16 - Prob. 75PCh. 16 - In a cylindrical pipe where area isnt constant....Ch. 16 - Prob. 77PCh. 16 - Prob. 78PCh. 16 - Prob. 79PCh. 16 - Use the method outlined in Problem 76 to show that...Ch. 16 - A house is at 20C on a winter night when the...Ch. 16 - A more realistic approach to the solar greenhouse...Ch. 16 - Fiberglass is a popular, economical, and fairly...Ch. 16 - Fiberglass is a popular, economical, and fairly...Ch. 16 - Fiberglass is a popular, economical, and fairly...Ch. 16 - Fiberglass is a popular, economical, and fairly...
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- Example: A water tank with a wall thickness of 10 mm and a water temperature of 90 "C.) Calculate the average heat loss per square meter (unit area) if the ambient air temperature is 15 "C. Take the thermal conductivity coefficient of the wall material 50 W / m C, the water heat-convection coefficient of 2800 W/m2°Cand the heat-convection coefficient of the ambient air 11 W/m2°C. Calculate the two temperatures of the wall surfaces.arrow_forwardBermuda is about as far north of the equator as North Carolina, but, unlike North Carolina, it has a subtropical climate year-round. Why is this so?arrow_forwardIn a warm room a naked resting person has a skin temperature of 33°C if the room temperature is 29° C, what is the body surface area if the rate of heat loss due to convection is 43watt and the convection constant K =7.1 watt /m?.K Choose the right answer: 1.8m? 1.5m2 O 1.7m2arrow_forward
- In an winter month the weather channel reported that the current temp at the Galen of Fairbanks in alaska is 5 degrees F while at the same time the temp in Mexico City was 5 degrees C what is the difference in temperature between the two cities in the unit of degree K??arrow_forwardWhen still air cools by radiating at night, it is unusual for temperatures to fall below the dew point. Explain why.arrow_forwardA pond in winter has a layer of ice 5cm thick. The temperature of the air above the ice is -10C and the temperature of the water directly below the ice is 0C. (i) Find out how much heat passes by conduction through a square meter of ice each second (thermal conductivity of ice = k_ice = 2.2 W/m C) (ii) How would the amount of heat transfer differ if the ice were 7.5 cm thick instead of 5 cm thick? (how many times as much or as less)arrow_forward
- The summit of a mountain is 3240 m higher than a point in the foothills. Assume that the atmospheric lapse rate in this area is the same as the global average of -6.5°C/km. What is the temperature of the summit when eager hikers depart from the foothill location at a temperature of 28°C?arrow_forwardIn Miami, Florida, which has a very humid climate and numerous bodies of water nearby, it is unusual for temperatures to rise above about 38°C (100°F). In the desert climate of Phoenix, Arizona, however, temperatures rise above that almost every day in July and August. Explain how the evaporation of water helps limit high temperatures in humid climates.arrow_forwardThe surrounding become pleasantly warm when water in a lake starts freezing in cold countries.Explain why.arrow_forward
- Q6/ A spherical tank, 1 m in diameter, is maintained at a temperature of 120 C and exposed to a convection environment. With h=25W/m2.•C and To =15 C, what thickness of urethane foam should be added to ensure that the outer temperature of the insulation does not exceed 40 C? What percentage reduction in heat loss results from installing this insulation?arrow_forwardThe thermal conductivity of snow varies by how tightly packed it is, but for snow of 100 kg/m3 density ,it is about 0.045 W/m/°C or 0.026 Btu/hr/°F. A half foot of snow will thus have an R-value of 19. A typical igloo is about 12 ft to 15ft in diameter and so it has a surface area of about 300ft2 .(We will ignore the floor ). Igloolik ,Nunavut , Canada requires about 20,000 degree days (Fahrenheit units) for a typical year .Calculate how many kilowatt hours you would need to keep your igloo cozy.arrow_forwardAssume that you are evaluating a building that has a heated slab-on-grade floor with edge insulation of R = 5.0 and a perimeter of 1000 ft. If your design temperature range is 5°F to -5°F, what is the heat loss, in BTU/hr, through the edge of the floor? 62,000 BTU/hr 31,000 BTU/hr 47,000 BTU/hr 23,000 BTU/hrarrow_forward
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