Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15.4, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason for occurrence of Down syndrome in a child if chromosomal translocation occurs in gonads of the child’s parents, involving attachment of third copy of chromosome 21 to chromosome 14.
Concept introduction:
Down syndrome is caused by chromosomal aberration in which trisomy of chromosome 21 occurs. The parents of the children with Down syndrome are normal.
Chromosomal translocation is a process in which a part of chromosome does not break during meiosis and is carried to the gamete as it is.
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In humans, chromosome 16 sometimes has a heavily stained area near the
centromere. This feature can be seen in a microscope, but otherwise has no
effect on the phenotype of the person carrying it. When such a “blob" exists on
a given copy of chromosome 16, it is a constant feature of that chromosome
and is inherited.
A couple conceived a child, but the fetus had multiple abnormalities and was
miscarried. e.g., The fetus had three copies of chromosome 16, where 2 of the
3 copies of chromosome 16 had large blobs. Both of the mother's copies of
chromosome 16 lacked blobs, but the father was heterozygous for blobs. The
fetus was formed from a fertilization event that included a gamete produced
by the
in which nondisjunction occurred during the
meiotic
division.
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mother; first.
mother; second.
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father; second.
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In humans, chromosome 16 sometimes has a heavily stained area in the long arm near the centromere. This feature can be seen through the microscope but has no effect on the phenotype of the person carrying it. When such a “blob” exists on a particular copy of chromosome 16, it is a constant feature of that chromosome and is inherited.
A couple conceived a child, but the fetus had multiple abnormalities and was miscarried. When the chromosomes of the fetus were studied, it was discovered that it had three copies of chromosome 16 (it was trisomic for chromosome 16), and that two of the three chromosome 16s had large blobs. Both chromosome 16 homologs in the mother lacked blobs, but the father was heterozygous for blobs.
Which parent experienced nondisjunction, and in which meiotic division did it occur?
What kind of chromosomal mutations is/are produced by unequal crossing over?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 15.1 - Which one of Mendel's laws describes the...Ch. 15.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the description of...Ch. 15.1 - WHAT IF? Propose a possible reason that the first...Ch. 15.2 - A white-eyed female Drosophila is mated with a...Ch. 15.2 - Neither Tim nor Rhoda has Duchenne muscular...Ch. 15.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Consider what you learned about...Ch. 15.3 - When two genes are located on the same chromosome,...Ch. 15.3 - VISUAL SKILLS For each type of offspring of the...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.5 - Gene dosagethe number of copies of a gene that are...Ch. 15.5 - Reciprocal crosses between two primrose varieties,...Ch. 15.5 - WHAT IF? Mitochondrial genes are critical to the...Ch. 15 - What characteristic of the sex chromosomes allowed...Ch. 15 - Why are males affected by X-Iinked disorders much...Ch. 15 - Why are specific alleles of two distant genes more...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4CRCh. 15 - Explain how genomic imprinting and inheritance of...Ch. 15 - A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked...Ch. 15 - Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an...Ch. 15 - A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body...Ch. 15 - A planet is inhabited by creatures that reproduce...Ch. 15 - Using the information from problem 4, scientists...Ch. 15 - A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body...Ch. 15 - Assume that genes, A and B are on the same...Ch. 15 - Two genes of a flower, one Controlling blue (B)...Ch. 15 - You design Drosophila crosses to provide...Ch. 15 - Banana plants, which are triploid, are seedless...Ch. 15 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Crossing over is thought to...Ch. 15 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Assume you are mapping...Ch. 15 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION The continuity of...Ch. 15 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Butter flies have an X-Y...
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- People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21, for a total of 47 chromosomes. However, in a few cases of Down syndrome, 46 chromosomes are present. This total includes two normal-looking chromosomes 21, one normal chromosome 14, and a longer-than-normal chromosome 14. Interpret this observation. How can these individuals have 46 chromosomes?arrow_forwardwhat is the significance of chromosomal aberration? what are the different types of chromosomal abberations based on the structure and number of chromosomes? give examples for each. what environmental factors may increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations?arrow_forwardWhat process occurs when genes swap position on a chromosome during meiosis, as in the case of Cru du Cat syndrome?arrow_forward
- A specific human individual with a male sex has the same sex chromosome complement as a metafemale Drosophila fly. Both individuals have a diploid set of autosomes.i) What is the sex chromosome complement of these two individuals? ii) If these individuals were produced from a fertilization event involving an abnormal egg and abnormal sperm cell, provide the genetic make-up of the two gametes? Clearly indicate the male and female gametes.arrow_forwardIn a sample of 1000 patients with Down syndrome, a geneticist discovers that 95% of them are trisomic, while 5% have diploid number of chromosomes. Explain this discrepancy.arrow_forwardWhy are people with balanced chromosomal translocations phenotypically normal? Do they suffer from reduced fertility? Why?arrow_forward
- Familial Down syndrome is similar to primary Down syndrome in that it is caused by trisomy 21. However, in familial Down syndrome, all or part of the third copy of chromosome 21 has translocated onto another autosome, typically chromosome 14. In cases of familial Down syndrome, one of the parents of the affected child is often a carrier of a translocated chromosome. The translocation carrier parent does not have Down syndrome because he or she has a total of two copies of chromosome 21. Suppose that a woman is a translocation carrier of chromosome 21 on chromosome 14. She conceives six zygotes with a man who carries no aneuploidies. Match the description of the chromosomes inherited by each zygote with the viability and phenotype of the zygote. ✓ Two normal copies of 14, two normal copies of 21 two normal copies of 21, one normal copy of 14 ✓one normal copy of 14, one 21 to 14 translocation, one normal copy of 21 ✓two normal copies of 14, one normal copy of 21, on 21 to 14…arrow_forwardWhat is dosage compensation with respect to the sex chromosomes? Briefly explain how this is accomplished in humans.arrow_forwardA cytogeneticist has collected tissue samples from members of acertain butterfly species. Some of the butterflies were located inCanada, and others were found in Mexico. Through karyotyping,the cytogeneticist discovered that chromosome 5 of the Canadianbutterflies had a large inversion compared with chromosome 5 ofthe Mexican butterflies. The Canadian butterflies were inversionhomozygotes, whereas the Mexican butterflies had two normalcopies of chromosome 5.Explain whether a mating between Canadian and Mexicanbutterflies would produce phenotypically normal offspring?arrow_forward
- How does a chromosomal duplication occur?arrow_forwardA girl and a boy were born to a young married couple. The girl is absolutely healthy. The examination of the boy's karyotype has shown 46 chromosomes. But one of the chromosomes of the 15th pair is longer than normal as a part of a chromosome from the 21st pair has joined it. How many autosomes and sex chromosomes are in the boy's karyotype? Name the type of the mutation. Is it possible to consider this pathology an inherited disorder?arrow_forwardWhat are chromosomal islands? Why are theyconsidered to be of foreign origin?arrow_forward
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