Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15.4, Problem 11CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The ions and their directions that flow through stretch-sensitive ion channels.
Introduction: Baroreceptors are a type of mechanoreceptors that are present in the arteries. These receptors are sensitive to stretch, and they maintain the blood pressure. There are two types of baroreceptors. These are carotid baroreceptors and aortic baroreceptors. The role of carotid baroreceptors is to control the flow of blood to the brain. However, the aortic baroreceptors maintain the rate of blood flow to all the other parts of the body.
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Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye convert visible light into signals. They
have special ion channels that are open to Na+ only in the dark. Visible light
activation results in a change in membrane potential, as photons lead to closure of
Na+ channels.
Which of the following can you conclude? Select all that apply.
Photoreceptor membrane potential does not change in response to light
The photoreceptor cell is depolarized in the dark
The photoreceptor cells is depolarized with light
Photoreceptor cells hyperpolarize to light
You have a photoreceptor cell in a dish. You are recording its membrane potential while flashing different intensities of light. Which of the following would you observe?
Group of answer choices
The cell hyperpolarizes, with brighter light causing more hyperpolarization than dimmer lights
The cell depolarizes, with brighter light causing more depolarization than dimmer lights
If the light is bright enough to reach threshold, it will fire an action potential
No change in membrane potential will be observed
Name the following ion channels are sensitive to pressure waves in fluid of the inner ear?
voltage-gated channels
ligand-gated channels with extracellular ligands
potassium channels at the Nodes of Ranvier
ligand-gated channels with intracellular ligands
stress-activated channels
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 15.2 - Would you expect to find valves in the veins...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.2 - Who has the higher pulse pressure, someone with...Ch. 15.2 - The formula given for calculating MAP applies to a...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 15.3 - Resistance to blood flow is determined primarily...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 15.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 15.3 - Skeletal muscle arterioles have both - and...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 11CCCh. 15.5 - Prob. 12CCCh. 15.5 - In the classic movie Jurassic Park, Dr. Ian...Ch. 15.6 - A man with liver disease loses the ability to...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 15CCCh. 15.7 - Prob. 16CCCh. 15.7 - Malnourished children who have inadequate protein...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - List the factors that aid venous return to the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8RQCh. 15 - Prob. 9RQCh. 15 - Prob. 10RQCh. 15 - Prob. 11RQCh. 15 - Most systemic arterioles are innervated by the...Ch. 15 - Match each event in the left column with all...Ch. 15 - Which organs receive more than two-thirds of the...Ch. 15 - By looking at the density of capillaries in a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RQCh. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Define edema. List some ways in which it can...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19RQCh. 15 - Prob. 20RQCh. 15 - Calcium channel blockers prevent Ca2+ movement...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RQCh. 15 - Prob. 23RQCh. 15 - Define myogenic autoregulation. What mechanisms...Ch. 15 - Left ventricular failure may be accompanied by...Ch. 15 - Robert is a 52-year-old nonsmoker. He weighs 180...Ch. 15 - The following figure is a schematic representation...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28RQCh. 15 - Draw a reflex map that explains Anthonys vasovagal...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RQCh. 15 - Prob. 31RQCh. 15 - Prob. 32RQCh. 15 - Prob. 33RQCh. 15 - Prob. 34RQCh. 15 - Prob. 35RQCh. 15 - Prob. 36RQCh. 15 - Prob. 37RQCh. 15 - Prob. 38RQCh. 15 - Prob. 39RQ
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- Some have compared the "all or none" action potential to flushing a toilet. The absolute refractory period (when no amount of pressing the lever will produce another flush) is set by: the inactivation of voltage gated potassium channels the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels the opening of voltage gated sodium channels the inactivation of voltage gated chloride channelsarrow_forwardIn terms of a gated channel what is the difference between a threshold stimulus and a sub threshold stimulus?arrow_forwardWhich of the following occurs when light activates a photoreceptor? Choose all that apply. Glutamate will be released The cell will be depolarized Phosphodiesterase is inactivated [Sodium ions channels will be closed CGMP is presentarrow_forward
- Which of the following describe(s) the difference(s) between an EPSP and an IPSP? Select all that apply. An EPSP is actively reproduced as it travels along the axon, whereas an IPSP is a graded potential that decreases in strength with time and distance. An EPSP moves the cell closer to threshold, whereas an IPSP moves the cell away from threshold. An EPSP results from the movement of Cl- ions into the cell, whereas an IPSP results from movement of Na+ ions into the cell. An EPSP is a result of depolarization of the cell membrane, whereas an IPSP is a result of hyperpolarization of the membrane.arrow_forwardIn an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this on action potentials? No action potentials would occur because the concentration of extracellular Na+ is too low. The membrane potential would become more negative so the threshold for action potential generation could not be reached. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarisation phase would be slower. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarization phase would be more rapid.arrow_forwardwhich of the following would be true (more than one can be true)? a) summation of A and X would reach threshold b) summation of C and A would be a graded potential c) stimulation by A would depolarize cell d) stimulation by B would be a subthreshold depolarization e) summation of B and C would be a graded potential with the net value of 12 mV depolarizationarrow_forward
- Applying a pressure stimulus to the fluid-filled capsule of an isolated Pacinian corpuscle causes a brief burst of action potentials in the afferent neuron, which ceases until the pressure is removed, at which time another brief burst of action potentials occurs. If an experimenter removes the capsule and applies pressure directly to the afferent neuron ending, action potentials are continuously fired during the stimulus. Explain these results in the context ofadaptation.arrow_forwardHelp mearrow_forwardRead the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forward
- How would the afferent pathway be affected by exposing this entire neuron to a drug that blocks voltage-gated Ca21 channels?arrow_forwardExtracellular recordings create a distinct action potential. Choose the option that best describes the trace recording after stimulation. 1.The voltage trace becomes increasingly positive because the extracellular space becomes less negative 2.The voltage trace becomes increasingly positive because the extracellular space becomes less positive 3.The voltage trace becomes increasingly negative because the extracellular space becomes less positive 4.The voltage trace becomes increasingly negative because the extracellular space becomes more positivearrow_forwardClassify the given items with the appropriate group. Voltage-gated sodium channels are opened then closed in the No amount of stimulus will initiate a second action inactivated state potential Occurs when voltage-gated Occurs about 1 millisecond after sodium channels have returned an action potential to resting state Another action potential can be initiated, but only with a particularly strong stimulus Neuron is hyperpolarized Absolute Refractive Period Relative Refractory Periodarrow_forward
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