Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 15, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Evolution is a process of changes occurring in the heritable characters of living organisms over the period of time from generation to generation. In evolutionary studies, it is observed that some of the sequences from the genetic makeup of an early ancestor are reflected in their generation of related species. This proved that the genetic information is inherited from ancestors to their generations to pass the important traits or genes.
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Which of the following most likely demonstrates that classification is the basis of evolutionary relatedness?
A. Organisms that share similar characteristics are impliedly understood to have common ancestors, thus having an evolutionary relationship.
B. Classification is to organize organisms into groups based on their differences and similarities and evolutionary history, so as evolution changes, classification will also change
C. Classification based on evolutionary relatedness always infer that all organisms that evolved similarly shares the same history.
D. Homologous structures among organisms depicts the same evolutionary history or paths.
a. What did Darwin's travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living species?
b. How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos?
c. What is evolution? Why is referred to as a theory?
d. Darwin found fossils of many organisms that were different from any living species. How
would this finding has affecting his understanding of lifes diversity?
A major source of evidence for evolution is to be found in the comparative anatomy of organisms. Features that look different but have similar structural origin are calleda. homologous structures.b. analogous structures.c. vestigial structures.d. convergent structures
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 15.1 - identify some of the thinkers whose ideas set the...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 15.1 - define evolution?Ch. 15.2 - A recent study found that Galpagos mockingbirds on...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 15.2 - explain how natural selection works and how it...Ch. 15.2 - describe the logic, based on four postulates, by...Ch. 15.3 - The fossil history of some kinds of modem...Ch. 15.3 - What Good Are Wisdom Teeth and Ostrich Wings?...Ch. 15.3 - Are a peacocks tail and a dogs tail homologous...
Ch. 15.3 - Between 70% and 85% of people will experience...Ch. 15.3 - describe the evidence that evolution has occurred?Ch. 15.3 - explain the difference between similarity due to...Ch. 15.3 - What Good Are Wisdom Teeth and Ostrich Wings? Just...Ch. 15.4 - To reduce the incidence of pesticide resistance,...Ch. 15.4 - describe some observations and experiments that...Ch. 15.4 - Some advocates of the view that all organisms were...Ch. 15 - Whale skeletons contain nonfunctional pelvic bones...Ch. 15 - Darwin was influenced by Malthuss thinking about...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3MCCh. 15 - Which of the following is not required for...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5MCCh. 15 - The flipper of a seal is homologous with the _____...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 15 - Georges Cuvier espoused a concept called ______ to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 15 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 15 - Darwin's postulate 2 states that ______. The work...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - Distinguish between catastrophism and...Ch. 15 - Describe Lamarcks theory of inheritance of...Ch. 15 - What is natural selection? Describe how natural...Ch. 15 - Describe how evolution occurs. In your...Ch. 15 - What is convergent evolution? Give an example.Ch. 15 - How do biochemistry and molecular genetics...Ch. 15 - In what sense are humans currently acting as...Ch. 15 - In discussions of untapped human potential, It is...Ch. 15 - Does evolution through natural selection produce...
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- Researchers have found fossils of Eocene horse species in Colorado. Deeper deposits contain smaller species, and more recent deposits contain larger species. How does this observation support the theory of evolution? A. It provides evidence that species change over time. B. It does not support the theory of evolution. C. It shows that all species are related to each other. D. It proves that environments have changed over time. E. It suggests that species are unchanging and of recent origin.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is most likely to be true of two modern organisms that have a distant evolutionary relationship? a. They should have fewer homologous traits in common than two more closely related organisms b. They should have very similar chromosomes Oc. They live in very different habitats d. They should be members of the same genus e. They should have a relatively recent common ancestor*arrow_forwardAll the following statements support the theory that similar organisms have a common ancestor except Select one: a. similar DNA patterns occur in closely related organisms b. organisms sharing a habitat tend to develop similar behaviours c. transitional fossils show links between groups of organisms d. groups of organisms display similar embryonic developmentarrow_forward
- Since 1735, the Linnaean classification system has been the basic system for all taxonomy in biology. Which statement best explains the reason for changing how organisms are classified today? A. Organisms are evolving at a faster rate than in the past B. More diverse and complex organisms are being discovered C.  There are more organisms today than there were in the past D. New information about the genetics of species is being discoveredarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a prediction that evolution makes about the fossil record? Group of answer choices A. fossils of all time periods should be completely different from modern organisms B. most recent fossils should be most similar to modern life C. cats should appear in all fossil layers as rulers of the earth D. oldest fossils should be most similar to modern lifearrow_forwardThe definition of "lineage" is: Select one or more: a. the same as the Tree of Life b. a population of organisms captured at one specific time c. a series of ancestor and descendant lineages over time d. a character that has evolved over timearrow_forward
- Along with other geological evidence from rocks and structures, fossils give us clues about past climates, the motions of plates, and other major geological events. Which of the following statements does NOT support the evidence of evolution? * A. Fossils are records of structural changes that happen to organism B. Humans have stopped evolving. C. Fossils provide clear evidence of evolution. D. There may be similarities between different species due to a common ancestor. Davao is known for its wide variety of fruits and other plant species that makes it more attractive to tourists, which of the following classification of the value of biodiversity is described? * A. Direct economic value B. Indirect economic value C. Aesthetic value D. both A and Carrow_forwardGiven the sources of evidence, explain precisely how it supports evolution. B. Fossilarrow_forwardSpecies can vary in several ways. Which of the following is one of Darwin’s ideas that was accepted by most scientists of his time due to the large number of fossils being discovered at that time? A. Species that live in seawater can also live on mountains. B. Species have specific adaptations to their local environment. C. Species vary around the world. D. Species change over long periods of time.arrow_forward
- The evidence supporting biological evolution includes A. all of the above B. patterns of embryological development C. sharing of charactoristics between organisms D. fossil recordarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of biological evolution? a. It always involves genetic changes b. it always involves groups of individuals c. it requires the existence of genetic variation within a population d. it can include non-genetic changes in an organism, if the organism is complex enougharrow_forwardWhich of the following assumptions is not part ofcladistics?a. A lineage’s characters change over time.b. All species share common ancestry.c. Each lineage branches from another lineage.d. Similar body parts are evidence of a recentdivergencearrow_forward
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Mechanisms of Genetic Change or Evolution; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FE8WvGzS4Q;License: Standard Youtube License