BIOLOGY W/ ACCESS>B<
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781264725441
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 15, Problem 3TC
Both Darwin and Wallace, while observing life on islands, concluded that natural selection is the mechanism for biological evolution. The Hawaiian and nearby islands once had at least 50 species of honeycreepers, and they lived nowhere else on Earth.
Natural selection occurs everywhere and in all species. What characteristics of islands allow the outcome of natural selection to be so obvious.
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When Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, he spent a significant amount of time on a topic he considered to be (in his words) “one special difficulty” to his theory: eusociality. Explain why eusociality constitutes a “difficulty” to the theory of evolution by natural selection, and how evolutionary biologists have been able to explain its evolution
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Chapter 15 Solutions
BIOLOGY W/ ACCESS>B<
Ch. 15.1 - Define catastrophism and identify who proposed...Ch. 15.1 - Evaluate Lamarck’s idea of “inheritance of...Ch. 15.1 - Construct a timeline of the history of...Ch. 15.2 - List the three categories of observations made by...Ch. 15.2 - Summarize the components of Darwin’s theory of...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1NS.1QCCh. 15.3 - How does the tree of life support Darwin’s theory...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 15.3 - Summarize the difference between homologous and...
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- One of the lines of evidence that led Darwin to the theory of natural selection was his study of artificial selection. Plant breeders and pigeon breeders select offspring with specific traits in mind beforehand. a) However, since humans are an integral part of the natural world, do you think that artificial selection might be more appropriately termed “natural selection”? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following ideas is NOT included in Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution? * Natural selection eliminates adaptive traits. The great variety of species live today resulted from the diversification of ancestral species. All organisms that have ever existed arose through evolutionary modifications of ancestral species. Natural selection drives some evolutionary changes. no answer There are four principles of natural selection namely: overproduction, adaptation, variation, and descent with modification. Which of the following situations BEST describes adaptation? * Jaguars with large teeth and jaws survive longer because they can eat shelled reptiles. By chance, some jaguars are born with slightly larger teeth and jaws. A jaguar may produce many offspring, but because of competition, not all of them will survive long enough to reproduce. Large teeth and jaws become more common in jaguars because they are heritable characteristics. no answerarrow_forwardHow can Darwin's finches explain natural selection and descent with modification? What is another example of natural selection and descent with modification? In both of your answers, you should describe the trait that was selected for/against and why this trait was an advantage/disadvantage. Plus, state how natural selection changed the population over time.arrow_forward
- Some worms eat at night (meaning they are nocturnal) and some worms eat during the day (meaning they are diurnal.) Most birds eat only during the day, so they are only eating diurnal worms, due to the fact that the nocturnal worms are burrowing during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce about 500 offspring are born but only 100 of them live long enough to reproduce themselves. Explain how natural selection will occur and include the 4 principals of natural selection.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding Darwin and his theory of evolution is false? Darwin noticed that South American species of birds more closely resembled species found in other temperate regions than a European species of birds Darwin was the original and sole developer of the theory of natural selection Darwin proposed that species adapt over time Darwin proposed that natural selection produces changes in species over timearrow_forwardDarwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. How is it similar to artificial selection? How is it different?For natural selection to work, there must be genetic variation within a population as well as mutations? Why must there be both?arrow_forward
- Darwin was not the first to propose a mechanism for evolution. Lamarck proposed “acquired inheritance” in which individuals inherit those traits acquired in the lifetime of their parents (e.g., long necks). Compare Lamark’s mechanism to Darwin’s mechanism for evolution (descent with modification). As part of your answer describe how each theory is similar to the other and how each is different? Finally, Lamarck’s theory can be easily shown to be unworkable (e.g., amputees don’t have babies that are amputees meaning babies don’t inherit the acquired trait). What makes Darwin’s theory workable when compared to Lamarck’s unworkable theory.arrow_forwardWhat are Darwin's four observations concerning natural selection? List and briefly explain each one with an example. How does natural selection impact evolution?arrow_forwardDarwin put together several pieces of information when formulating his theory of evolution. Which of the following is/are not part of that information? Choose All That Apply Natural populations of organisms display variable phenotypes Natural populations tend to produce more offspring then the environment can support Individuals within a population can pass on traits acquired during their lives to their offspring Organisms tend to be uniquely adapted to the environments in which they are found Each individual in a population is equally likely to survive and produce offspringarrow_forward
- Darwin and Lamarck had very different ideas on how life on earth got to be the way it is now. However they had some similar beliefs as well. What four ideas did they agree on? Explain Lamarck’s Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. Explain Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. Describe how Darwin’s theory was supported and Lamark’s theory was disproved. This is due by monday please help me :)arrow_forwardVhy was natural selection controversial to biologists in Darwin's time? It was a cruel and unfair principle as to why species change. B) It went against the religious beliefs of the time. There was no evidence that descent with modification during Darwin's time. He had no explanation for how advantageous traits were passed from parent to offspring.arrow_forwardWhat are some of the ways that Darwin's theory of natural selection played out in human evolution? Can you see evidence of particular adaptations as our ancestors evolved, speciated, and in some cases went extinct?arrow_forward
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