The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at 25 0 C , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis. Concept introduction: The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton. Energy of one proton is calculated as: E = h × c λ For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as: E = h × c λ × N A Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as: h = 6.626 × 10 − 34 J . s c = 3 × 10 8 m / s λ = 700 n m = 7 × 10 − 7 m N A = 6.02 × 10 23 / m o l

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

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You’ve isolated a protein and determined that the Native molecular weight of the holoenzyme is 160 kD using size exclusion chromatography. Analysis of this protein using SDS-PAGE revealed 2 bands, one at 100 kD and one at 30 kD. The enzyme was found to be 0.829% NAD (by weight). What further can be said regarding the structure of the polypeptide?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 3P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The longest wavelength of light that could provide enough energy per photon to pump one proton against this gradient should be calculated at $250C$ , assuming 20% efficiency in photosynthesis.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy change $(ΔG)$ per mol of $O2$ produced should be calculated. The comparison of this energy should be done with the energy required to drive the synthesis of ATP.

Concept introduction:

The overall reaction for ATP synthesis in cyclic photophosphorylation is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP3−+3Pi2−+H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP4−+H2O$

Looking, at the reaction, it can be said that one mole of proton produces one mole of O₂.

But, the reaction of production of $O2$ is given as:

$2NADP++3ADP+3Pi2−+10H+→O2+2NADPH+3ATP+12H+$

Here, 12 moles of protons are produced with one mole of $O2$ which confirms that energy change in production of 12 moles of protons will be the energy change per mole of $O2$ .

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The maximum number of moles of protons should be calculated that could be pumped against the gradient by the energy in a mole of photon of 650nm wavelength.

Concept introduction:

The energy required to move the proton against any gradient should be equal to the energy of the proton.

Energy of one proton is calculated as:

$E=h×cλ$

For one mole of proton, the energy should be calculated as:

$E=h×cλ×NA$

Where, h is Planck's constant, c is speed of light and λ is wavelength with the values as:

$h=6.626×10−34J.sc=3×108m/sλ=700nm=7×10−7mNA=6.02×1023/mol$

Answer 12

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Answer 23

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