Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Question
Chapter 15, Problem 30QAP
To determine
The reason for open clusters are younger than the globular clusters.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Globular clusters contain no stars more massive than the Sun. Which of the following seems like the least reasonable implication of this observation?
Group of answer choices
Globular clusters are very old.
Globular clusters are very young.
Only the low-mass stars are still "alive" in the clusters.
Many red giants can probably be found in globular clusters.
The very massive stars in the globular clusters have already burnt out.
If we plot the apparent brightnesses of stars in a globular cluster versus their surface temperatures in a similar way as in the HR diagram , there will be a horizontal branch . Which of the following statements about these horizontal branch stars is wrong ? (A)They have the same absolute magnitude . (B)They have different sizes . (C)Their sole source of energy is hydrogen shell burning . (D)They can help us estimate the distance of the globular cluster from us .
QUESTION 16
Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in
decreases in
until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track.
Protostars of different masses follow diferent
paths on their way to the main sequence.
107
Luminosity (L)
10
105
10
107
10²
101
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
Spectral
type
0.01 R
0.001
Re
60 M
MAIN SEQUENCE
40,000 30,000
20 Mau
10 Mgun
5 Mun
0.1 Run
Ren
radius; temperature
luminosity; radius
3 Min.
05 BO
temperature; luminosity
Oluminosity: temperature
radius: luminosity
1 M
10,000 6000
Surlace temperature (K)
1,000 Rs
2 M STAR
L
0.8 M
B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ
-10
+10
3000
Absolute visual magnitude
and
Chapter 15 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1CYUCh. 15.2 - Prob. 15.2CYUCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3CYUCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.4CYUCh. 15 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 6QAP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 15 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Calculate the mass-to-light ratio for a globular cluster with a luminosity of 106LSunand 105 stars. (Assume that the average mass of a star in such a cluster is 1 MSun.)arrow_forwardYou can use the equation in Exercise 22.34 to estimate the approximate ages of the clusters in Figure 22.10, Figure 22.12, and Figure 22.13. Use the information in the figures to determine the luminosity of the most massive star still on the main sequence. Now use the data in Table 18.3 to estimate the mass of this star. Then calculate the age of the cluster. This method is similar to the procedure used by astronomers to obtain the ages of clusters, except that they use actual data and model calculations rather than simply making estimates from a drawing. How do your ages compare with the ages in the text? Figure 22.10 NGC 2264 HR Diagram. Compare this HR diagram to that in Figure 22.8; although the points scatter a bit more here, the theoretical and observational diagrams are remarkably, and satisfyingly, similar. Figure 22.12 Cluster M41. (a) Cluster M41 is older than NGC 2264 (see Figure 22.10) and contains several red giants. Some of its more massive stars are no longer close to the zero-age main sequence (red line). (b) This ground-based photograph shows the open cluster M41. Note that it contains several orange-color stars. These are stars that have exhausted hydrogen in their centers, and have swelled up to become red giants. (credit b: modification of work by NOAO/AURA/NSF) Figure 22.13 HR Diagram for an Older Cluster. We see the HR diagram for a hypothetical older cluster at an age of 4.24 billion years. Note that most of the stars on the upper part of the main sequence have turned off toward the red-giant region. And the most massive stars in the cluster have already died and are no longer on the diagram. Characteristics of Main-Sequence Starsarrow_forwardIf the Sun were a member of the cluster NGC 2264, would it be on the main sequence yet? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- In which of these star groups would you mostly likely find the least heavy-element abundance for the stars within them: open clusters, globular clusters, or associations?arrow_forwardDescribe what a typical star in the Galaxy would be like compared to the Sun.arrow_forwardExplain how an HR diagram of the stars in a cluster can be used to determine the age of the cluster.arrow_forward
- You have discovered two star clusters. The first cluster contains mainly main-sequence stars, along with some red giant stars and a few white dwarfs. The second cluster also contains mainly main-sequence stars, along with some red giant stars, and a few neutron stars-but no white dwarf stars. What are the relative ages of the clusters? How did you determine your answer?arrow_forwardWould the Sun more likely have been a member of a globular cluster or open cluster in the past?arrow_forwardFrom the comments in the text about which kinds of stars produce emission nebulae and which kinds are associated with reflection nebulae, what can you say about the temperatures of the stars that produce NGC 1999 (Figure 20.13)? Figure 20.13 Pleiades Star Cluster. The bluish light surrounding the stars in this image is an example of a reflection nebula. Like fog around a street lamp, a reflection nebula shines only because the dust within it scatters light from a nearby bright source. The Pleiades cluster is currently passing through an interstellar cloud that contains dust grains, which scatter the light from the hot blue stars in the cluster. The Pleiades cluster is about 400 light-years from the Sun. (credit: NASA, ESA and AURA/Caltech)arrow_forward
- Automobiles are often used as an analogy to help people better understand how more massive stars have much shorter main-sequence lifetimes compared to less massive stars. Can you explain such an analogy using automobiles?arrow_forwardConsider two different clusters with approximately the same turnoff luminosity. Cluster A has a main sequence 0.5 magnitudes bluer than cluster B. What property is different between clusters A and B? Explain the physical process that makes the stars of cluster A bluer.arrow_forwardIf an open cluster contains 350 stars and is 48 pc in diameter, what is the average distance between the stars? On average what, share of the volume of the cluster surrounds each star?arrow_forward
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