Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 25CTQ
A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA polymerase deficiency that prevents if from making proteins. Describe three additional observations that would together support the conclusion that a defect in RNA polymerase I activity, and not problems with the other polymerases, causes the defect.
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Some antibiotic drugs fight infection by interfering with DNA replication, transcription, or translation in bacteria. Indicate whether each of the following antibiotic drug effects is on replication, transcription, or translation.
HINT Each answer (replication, transcription, and translation) is used only once for the following:
a. Rifampin binds to bacterial RNA polymerase.
b. Streptomycin binds bacterial ribosomes, disabling them.
c. Quinolone blocks an enzyme that prevents bacterial DNA from unwinding.
Which of the following statements about the processes of the central dogma is/are incorrect?
I. Replication occurs only once during the life cycle of a cell.
II. The entire sequence of a DNA molecule carries instructions for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.
III. The products of transcription all eventually undergo translation.
IV. Transcription and replication both involve the use of RNA molecules.
V. The translation of the genetic code is directly based on the sequence of the template DNA strand.
O , I, and V
O II, II, and V
O l and IV
O II, II, and IV
O Only l is incorrect
Below is a list of functions related to protein synthesis. Place the number for the function in the blank above its corresponding structure. 1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes 2. Splits DNA into two strands and transcribes mRNA from the antisense strand 3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome 4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription
Answer
Answer
Answer
Answer
Promoter region
mRNA
RNA polymerase
tRNA
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Briefly describe the function of the following in protein synthesis. a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements most accurately describes the action of the enzyme RNA polymerase?Select one 1.) RNA polymerase will transcribe only the exons by skipping over the introns within a eukaryotic gene sequence 2.) RNA polymerase will transcribe both DNA strands, moving in the 3' to 5' direction for one strand and 5' to 3' on the other 3.) RNA polymerase will transcribe both DNA strands, but only one RNA molecule will be used during translation 4.)None of the statements accurately describe the function of RNA polymerasearrow_forward1) name three types of RNA in a cell and their functions; 9. What is the role of RNA polymerase? To answer the question please: 2) draw a scheme of RNA synthesis; 3) name the enzymes required for RNA synthesis.arrow_forward
- Put the following steps of transcription in orderarrow_forwardYou are studying RNA viruses and have discovered one that grows well in a culture of eukaryotic cells. You know that the virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, but you don't know if it is positive or negative stranded. Your lab-mate says, "Well, just treat your cell culture with cyclohexamide and see if the virus replicates its genome." You know that cyclohexamide inhibits protein elongation by binding to eukaryotic ribosomes. What is the basis of your lab-mate's suggestion?arrow_forwardAfter RNA polymerase binds to DNA, it begins making mRNA. What is the name of this process?arrow_forward
- You are studying RNA viruses and have discovered a new one that grows well in a culture of eukaryotic cells. You know that the virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, but you don’t know if it is plus or minus stranded. Your lab-mate says, “Well, just treat your cell culture with cyclohexamide and see if the virus replicates its genome.” You know that cyclohexamide inhibits protein elongation by binding to eukaryotic ribosomes. What is the basis of your lab-mate’s suggestion?arrow_forwardExplain the role of RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardAssume that a mutation occurs in the gene that encodes each of the following RNA polymerases. Match the mutation with its possible effects by placing the correct letter or letters in the blanks below. There may be more than one effect for each mutated polymerase. A mutation in the gene that codes for E RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III Possibleeffects a. tRNA is not synthesized b. Some ribosomal RNA is not synthesized c. Ribosomal RNA is not processed d. pre-mRNA is not processed e. Some mRNA molecules are not degraded f. pre-mRNA is not synthesizedarrow_forward
- To promote genetic diversity in bacteria, it has been found that some species have a genetic mechanism that allows them to increase their mutation rate during DNA replication. A scientist hypothesizes that the functions of the following two enzymes would be impacted by this mechanism. In each case, state if you agree and provide a reason for your answer. i) DNA primase ii) DNA polymerase IIIarrow_forwardGive an example of a concrete situation, in the human body, which would lead to DNA replication and another example of a concrete situation, which would lead to transcription/translation of DNAarrow_forwardErrors can occur in any of these processes when an incorrect nucleotide or amino acid is added during synthesis of a macromolecule. In which process (Replication, Transcription or Translation) would such an error have the greatest, long-term effect? Why?arrow_forward
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