Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 12RQ
How do enhancers and promoters differ?
- Enhancers bind transcription factors to silence gene expression, while promoters activate transcription
- Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression, but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation.
- Promoters bind transcription factors to increase the efficiency of transcription. Enhancers bind RNA polymerases to initiate transcription.
- There is no difference. Both are transcription factor-binding sequences in DNA.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Enhancers
contain binding sites for transcription factors that regulate transcription.
are activators that act across insulator barriers.
contain binding sites for the basal transcription apparatus.
are necessary for transcription, but are not involved in regulating transcription.
What is the role of general transcription factors?
GTFs bind to enhancers or silencers and regulate transcription
GTFs bind to the core promoter and allow transcriptional initiation
GTFs are cis-acting regulatory sequences
GTFs regulate the length of the mRNA
GTFs are part of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, and control transcription initiation
Below is a model of a signal transduction pathway that results in the transcribing of mRNA:
Receptor protein
Transcription factor
Phosphorylation
cascade
DNA
mRNA
What is the best description of what would happen if the phosphorylation cascade resulted in a phosphate being attached to the transcription factor?
O mRN would not stop being transcribed from the DNA.
O The phosphorylation cascade would continue to release excess phosphates.
O mRNA would stop being translated from the DNA.
O Receptor proteins would not bind to the signaling hormone.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic regulation at the different points identified.arrow_forwardWhich of the following functions are characteristic of general transcription factors in eukaryotes? Hint: there may be more than one correct response. Be sure to check all that apply. They inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing. They bind to other proteins or to the TATA box. They are sufficient to allow high levels of transcription. O They initiate and regulate the transcription of genes. O They bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription.arrow_forwardExamine Figure 17.7. What would be the effect on transcription if a mutation occurred in the gene that encodes GAL3, so that no functional GAL3 was produced?arrow_forward
- Consider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?arrow_forwardWhich is not general transcription factors in eukaryotic gene regions?arrow_forwardThe DNA-binding proteins that recognize and accurately initiate transcription at specific eukaryotic promoter sequences are called: chromatin-remodeling complexes. transcription factors. Enhancers. response elements.arrow_forward
- Q1: In your own words, define RNA splicing. When during gene expression does it occur? Q2: What do you predict would happen if the introns were not removed from RNA before translation? Why would it be a problem if the introns were not removed? Q3: Where is the mRNA destined to go once it has been transported out of the nucleus?arrow_forwardHow do activators facilitate transcription? Activator (inactive) Activator- binding site RNA polymerase Promoter Transcription normally off. RNA polymerase cannot bind to the promoter unless the activator is bound to the activator-binding site, but the activator is in an inactive form. Inducer Activator (active) Inducer helps turn transcription on. Transcription Inducer binds to the activator and changes its shape, allowing the activator to bind to the site. RNA polymerase can then bind to the promoter and initiate transcription.arrow_forwardWhich of the following most accurately describes the process involved in protein synthesis? Transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> transcription by mRNA Transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter region -> translation by ribosomes Translation by ribosomes -> transcription by mRNA -> transcription factors activate promoter regionarrow_forward
- How do activators facilitate transcription?arrow_forwardWhat are the role of transcription proteins? Explain briefly at your own wordsarrow_forwardWhich of the following describes transcription factors? The addition or deletion of methyl and acetyl groups to regulate transcription Proteins that specifically bind to promoter or enhancer regions to initiate transcription The transcription initiation sites of DNA that bind RNA polymerase DNA regulatory elements that actively repress the transcription of a gene O Varying sequences that are or are not included in the instructions to make a proteinarrow_forward
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