Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 14PS
Interpreting Data Because bacteria divide by binary fission, their
Initial number of cells × 2(Number of generations) = Population size
For example, if a dish of potato salad is contaminated with 10 bacteria, the bacterial population after 1 hour (two generations) is 10 × 22 = 40. Fill in the table below to show how the bacterial population increases when a dish of potato salad is left on the kitchen counter after dinner.
| Time (Hours) | Number of Generations | Number of Bacteria |
| 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 1 | 2 | 40 |
| 2 | 4 | |
| 4 | 8 | |
| 6 | 12 | |
| 8 | 16 | |
| 10 | 20 | |
| 12 | 24 |
Why does the rate of increase change over time? Describe how a graph of the data would look.
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Log Nt = Log N0 – t/D. D is the time required for a log kill.
A single dose of mouthwash is added to a bacterial culture with 10 million cells/mL and, after 30 minutes, one hundred thousand viable cells/mL remain. How many would survive at the end of 1.5 hours? Based on the equation, can you ever totally decimate the population? In a practical sense, when would you assume that all the cells are dead?
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Consider two species of bacteria A and B with the same initial population. The species grow exponentially with growth rate
rA = 0.05 for species A and rg =
-0.025 for species B. Will the two species of bacteria ever have the same size?
Type your answer here
(Enter YES or NO)
The time at which they reach the same size is t =
Type your answer here
(Enter -1000 if their size is never equal)
Complete Table 1by doubling the number of bacteria (Clostridium sp.) and diatoms (Chaetoceros sp.) every 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively, and by writing the log10 of this number in the appropriate columns with the results , Draw a graph showing the growth (N) of the populations of both species from time = 0 (also written as t0) to time = 310 (t310) minutes. Draw both populations on the same graph. NB: It will be necessary to plot Chaetoceros sp. on a second y-axis. Label the axes and provide a suitable legends.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 15 - Place these events in the history of life on Earth...Ch. 15 - DNA replication relies on the enzyme DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3SQCh. 15 - Some species of cyanobacteria form symbiotic...Ch. 15 - The bacteria that cause tetanus can be killed only...Ch. 15 - How is the process used in sewage treatment...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7SQCh. 15 - Prob. 8SQCh. 15 - Prob. 9SQCh. 15 - Prob. 10IMT
Ch. 15 - For each statement below, identify which major...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12IMTCh. 15 - Imagine you are on a team designing a moon base...Ch. 15 - Interpreting Data Because bacteria divide by...Ch. 15 - State or local public health department regularly...Ch. 15 - Probiotics, foods and supplements that contain...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Disinfectants, be they heat or radiation or chemicals, usually kill a constant proportion of the cells present per unit time if the cells are all equally susceptible. Hence, the term ‘log kill.’ The probability of death is constant over time given a ‘single hit.’ The more cells present at the start, the greater the number killed per unit time and the longer it will take to kill them ‘all.’ One decimal reduction is one log place (exponent). Log Nt = Log N0 – t/D. D is the time required for a log kill. A suspension of 105 CFU/mL of Salmonella is treated with bleach, and 90% of the cells are dead after 10 minutes. How many viable cells per mL would you expect after 30 minutes? Yes, the 30 minutes here implies 3 logs of killing. This is an excellent problem to use with the Death Equation because you can reason it through first, and then solve it using the equation.arrow_forwardSuppose the generation time of a bacterium is 90 minutes and the number of cells in a culture is 103 cells at the start of the log phase. How many bacteria will there be after 8 hours of exponential growth?arrow_forwardWhat is the generation time (in minutes) of a bacterial population that increases from 10,000 cells to 10,000,000 cells in fours hours of growth? Show computation.arrow_forward
- Draw a graph that shows the potential population growth of a bacterial population that starts with 500 cells. Assume binary fission, a generation time of 30 minutes and reproduction for four (4) generations.arrow_forwardBacteria grown in a lab experience what is called an 'exponential phase' of population growth. Suppose that, during this phase, a colony of Escherichia coli you are growing has a per capita growth rate, r, of 0.0347 per minute. If the size of your colony at the start of the exponential phase is 0.25 billion cells, then approximately how large will it be in 120 minutes?arrow_forwardQuestion 88 History. Koch's postulates O helped prove the Theory of Endosymbiosis O prove prokaryotes evolved from eukaryotes O proves the Theory of Spontaneous Generation O proves a specific microbe causes a specific infectious diseasearrow_forward
- Please answer fast Imagine that you have a water sample containing two different species of bacteria. What physical state of medium (NOT functional type!) would you use to separate these two species?arrow_forwardUnder ideal conditions, prokaryotes are capable of reproducing at a(n) ______ rate. arithmetric infinite hypergeometric exponentialarrow_forwardFor the bacterial growth curve below in which phase does the number of cell divisions equal the number of cell deaths? Log of number of bacteria 0 Lag Phase Intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population. lag 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. log Log Phase Logarithmic, or exponential, increase in population. stationary Stationary Phase Period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance production of new cells. The logarithmic growth in the log phase is due to reproduction by binary fission (bacteria) or mitosis (yeast). 5 Time (hr) Death Phase Population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate. death Staphylococcus sp. 10 None of the other four answers are correct Log Phase Stationary Phase Death Phase Lag Phasearrow_forward
- Calculate how long it would take a population of 100 million bacterial cells in stationary phase to all die if the decline phase is exponential with 90% of the population dying in 30 minutes.arrow_forward"The mathematics of uncontrolled growth are frightening. A single cell of the bacterium E. coli would, under ideal circumstances, divide every twenty minutes. That is not particularly disturbing until you think about it, but the fact is that bacteria multiply geometrically: one becomes two, two become four, four become eight, and so on. In this way it can be shown that in a single day, one cell of E. coli could produce a super-colony equal in size and weight to the entire planet Earth." Using mathematical models of exponential growth, double check Crichton's math. Is he exaggerating? Has he underestimated? Or is he accurate? (For your calculations, assume the following: 6x1024kg per earth; 1x10-15kg per E. coli cell) He is grossly exaggerating. It would take years to reach this size. O He is taking a little poetic license. It would take more than 24 hours. O He is accurate. It would take 24 hours to create a colony this size. O He is underestimating. It would take less than 24 hours to…arrow_forwardIf it takes 2 hours for a population of bacteria to grow from 100 cells to 1600 cells, what is the generation time of this bacterial species? 15 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes 40 minutesarrow_forward
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