CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 15, Problem 12TYK
Which are more likely to be closely related: two species with similar appearance but divergent gene sequences or two species with different appearances but nearly identical genes? Explain.
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Explain the following phrase: Degrees of molecular similarity correlate to degrees of species relatedness.
The biological species concept is based on the assumption that species are reproductively isolated and do not share genes. And yet a number of organisms that are considered different species hybridize (mate and exchange genes). Hybridization between different species is more common in plants than in animals. Propose some possible reasons for this difference.
Use the DNA-DNA hybridization data from species A, B, C, D, and E showing the % difference in
DNA between each species to answer the question that follows:
D
E
C
Species
B
A
4
3
3
2
X
4
3
3
B
X
2
4
1
C
3
X
3
4
X
D
3
1
3
X
4
E
4
4
4
23. Which of the following phylogenetic trees correctly illustrates the relationships between species A, B,
C, D, and E? (assume that the letters run in sequence A-B-C-D-E at the ends of the branches)
a.
b.
C.
ABCDE
ABCDE
A B C D E
V NY
VV
ABCDE
30+30+30+30)
Chapter 15 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 15 - Using the figure below, describe the stages that...Ch. 15 - Fill in this concept map about systematics.Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 15 - Adaptive radiations may be promoted by all of the...Ch. 15 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following could provide the best data...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 15 - Distinguish between microevolution and...Ch. 15 - Which are more likely to be closely related: two...Ch. 15 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 15 - Explain why changes in the regulation of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Measurements indicate that a fossilized skull you...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING When Stanley Millers...
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- If the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were used to define species, rather than the biological species concept (BSC), how might that change the estimates of species diversity (numbers of species) on a worldwide basis? True or False: Estimates of species diversity are likely to change if the PSC is used. In particular, one would expect the number of species to increase. This is because individuals from divergent allopatric populations that can potentially interbreed would belong to the same species under the BSC. These same organisms would be classified as members of different species under the PSC.arrow_forwardImagine you are studying two eukaryotic species. The genome of Species A is 100 Mb in size. The genome of Species B is 500 Mb in size. Based only on this information, which of the following statements are accurate? Species B is a more complex organism than Species A. None of the other statements can be made based solely on the information in the question. Species B has more genes than Species A. Species B has more chromosomes, more genes, and is more complex than Species A. Species B has more chromosomes than Species A.arrow_forwardSpecies A was recently discovered and its DNA sequence was compared to the DNA of the four previously known species from the same genus. The comparison revealed this particular species is the most recent one, the one that diverged last. Show the mismatched nucleotides between these DNA sequences (mark them and count them) and then draw a phylogenetic tree that shows their relationship. You can draw the tree by hand.Species A 5’ A A G G C C A A A C T T T G G G T A T A G C A T A 3’Species B 5’ A A G G C C A A A C C G T G G G T A T A G C G A A 3’ ____________Species C 5’ A A G G C C A A A C T T T G G G T A T A G C G A A 3’ ____________Species D 5’ A A C T C C A A A C C G T G G G T A T A G C G A A 3’ ____________Species E5’ A A G G C C A A A C T T T G G G T A T A G C G T A 3’ __________arrow_forward
- Species Concepts Review The Baltimore Orioles and Black-backed Orioles species complex has conflicting evidence in support of each being their own species and in support of them being the same species. Review the evidence below for each hypothesis, then, using that evidence, explain whether they should be classified as distinct or the same species based on each species concept. Then, using the overall evidence, decide whether to classify them as the same or different species. Genetic Information (In the Species Concepts lab, we used a "controversial" 10% cutoff. A more realistic cutoff might be 1%. Let's use a 1% cutoff for this activity.) Sequence Differences Baltimore Oriole vs Black- backed Oriole Cytochrome b 0.26% Control region 0.74% 2A. Based on the genetic information above, should the Baltimore Oriole and Black-backed Oriole be classified as one species or two species?arrow_forwardSpecies A and B have long wings, whereas species C has short wings. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the hypothesis that long wings are a synapomorphy? A. DNA evidence showing that species B and C are sister species B. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had short wings C. DNA evidence showing that species A and C are sister species D. Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of species A, B, and C had long wings E. Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors long wings, whereas species C lives in an environment that favors short wingsarrow_forwardIt is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group of species. What are the possible reasons for this? If there is only one true history of formation of these species, what might we do in order to determine which (if either) gene accurately portrays that history? Is it possible for both phylogenetic trees to be accurate even if there has been only one history of species divergence?arrow_forward
- Study the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. B A M LS R M LR +d \t R SML RM S tota -444 What is the plausible explanation for the appearance of autapomorphic character c in species L and S of tree A although they do not share a most recent common ancestor?arrow_forwardBelow are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which of the following statements is correct? ABCD ADCB DCBA D CAB (1) (2) (3) (4) Tree (1) and Tree (2) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (4) are the same tree. Tree (2) and Tree (3) are the same tree. All four trees are in fact the same tree. All four trees are in fact different trees.arrow_forwardSuppose we are sure, because of previous studies, that species 1, 2, and 3 are more closely related to each other than to species 4 (outgroup). We sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species. Draw the most parsimonious tree and label each evolutionary change on the tree (Position – new nucleotide; Example = 8T or 6C). *The answer is below but I do not understand where the numbers or tick marks came from? Could someone explain. For example, why is the 1A on the 2?arrow_forward
- Swordtails, platyfish and Poecilia species are incapable of interbreeding with each other but swordtail species 1 can produce viable hybrids with swordtail species 2. In addition, both Poecilla fish, platyfish, and swordtails can all be distinguished genetically, but swortail species 1 and 2 cannot be genetically distinguished. Using this information indicate how many distinct 1) Biological, 2) morphological, and 3) phylogenetic species would be found in this group of fish. If you cannot determine this for any of the 3 species categories, state what you would need to know in order to do so. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BIUAv er Tv: 1. There are four 2.arrow_forwardExplain the biological species concept. Why is it not a perfect definition of a species?arrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this diagram Species 1 and 2 are sister species from which you’ve cloned related genes. On the gene tree on the top of the next page, use labels to answer the following questions: (a) Label the node that represents a gene duplication with “D,” (b) Label the nodes that represent speciation events with “S,” (c) Pick a pair of genes that are paralogs and label them both “P.” (d) Pick a pair of genes that are orthologs and label them both “O.”arrow_forward
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