Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780077861704
Author: Stephen A. Ross Franco Modigliani Professor of Financial Economics Professor, Randolph W Westerfield Robert R. Dockson Deans Chair in Bus. Admin., Bradford D Jordan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 8QP
Summary Introduction
To determine: The book value of debt, the market value of debt, and the after-tax cost of debt.
Introduction:
The cost of debt refers to the return that the bondholders or lenders expect on their principal. In other words, it refers to the borrowing costs of the company.
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Consider a two-date binomial model. A company has both debt and equity in its capital structure. The value of the company is 100 at Date 0. At Date 1, it is equally like that the value of the company increases by 20% or decreases by 10%. The total promised amount to the debtholders is 100 at Date 1. The riskfree interest rate is 10%.
a. What is the value of the debt at Date 0? What is the value of the equity at Date 0?
b. Suppose the government announces that it guarantees the company’s payment to the debtholders. How much is the government guarantee worth?
4. Suppose a firm with a value of $60 million has a bond outstanding with a face value of $50 million that matures in 2 years. the current interest rate is 6% and the volatility of the firm is 25% what is the probability that the firm will default on its debt if the expected return on the firm, µ, is 30% ?what is the expected loss given default?
Suppose an investment bank is buying $50 million
in long-term mortgage-backed securities and
finances the investment by borrowing 70% and
paying for the other 30% out of equity. What is the
bank's leverage ratio?
a) 0.30
b) 0.13
c) 3/7
d) 3
Chapter 14 Solutions
Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
Ch. 14.1 - What is the primary determinant of the cost of...Ch. 14.1 - What is the relationship between the required...Ch. 14.2 - What do we mean when we say that a corporations...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2BCQCh. 14.3 - Why is the coupon rate a bad estimate of a firms...Ch. 14.3 - How can the cost of debt be calculated?Ch. 14.3 - How can the cost of preferred stock be calculated?Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4ACQCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4BCQCh. 14.4 - Under what conditions is it correct to use the...
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5ACQCh. 14.5 - Prob. 14.5BCQCh. 14.6 - Prob. 14.6ACQCh. 14.6 - Why do you think we might prefer to use a ratio...Ch. 14.7 - What are flotation costs?Ch. 14.7 - How are flotation costs included in an NPV...Ch. 14 - A firm has paid dividends of 1.02, 1.10, 1.25, and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3CTFCh. 14 - Why is the tax rate applied to the cost of debt...Ch. 14 - What approach to a projects costs of capital...Ch. 14 - What is the flotation cost of equity for a firm...Ch. 14 - WACC [LO3] On the most basic level, if a firms...Ch. 14 - Book Values versus Market Values [LO3] In...Ch. 14 - Project Risk [LO5] If you can borrow all the money...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4CRCTCh. 14 - DCF Cost of Equity Estimation [LO1] What are the...Ch. 14 - SML Cost of Equity Estimation [LO1] What are the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7CRCTCh. 14 - Cost of Capital [LO5] Suppose Tom OBedlam,...Ch. 14 - Company Risk versus Project Risk [LO5] Both Dow...Ch. 14 - Divisional Cost of Capital [LO5] Under what...Ch. 14 - Calculating Cost of Equity [LO1] The Absolute Zero...Ch. 14 - Calculating Cost of Equity [LO1] The Graber...Ch. 14 - Calculating Cost of Equity [LO1] Stock in Daenerys...Ch. 14 - Estimating the DCF Growth Rate [LO1] Suppose...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5QPCh. 14 - Calculating Cost of Debt [LO2] Drogo, Inc., is...Ch. 14 - Calculating Cost of Debt [LO2] Jiminys Cricket...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8QPCh. 14 - Calculating WACC [LO3] Mullineaux Corporation has...Ch. 14 - Taxes and WACC [LO3] Lannister Manufacturing has a...Ch. 14 - Finding the Target Capital Structure [LO3] Famas...Ch. 14 - Book Value versus Market Value [LO3] Dinklage...Ch. 14 - Calculating the WACC [LO3] In Problem 12, suppose...Ch. 14 - WACC [LO3] Fyre, Inc., has a target debtequity...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15QPCh. 14 - Prob. 16QPCh. 14 - SML and WACC [LO1] An all-equity firm is...Ch. 14 - Calculating Flotation Costs [LO4] Suppose your...Ch. 14 - Calculating Flotation Costs [LO4] Caughlin Company...Ch. 14 - WACC and NPV [LO3, 5] Scanlin, Inc., is...Ch. 14 - Flotation Costs [LO4] Pardon Me, Inc., recently...Ch. 14 - Calculating the Cost of Debt [LO2] Ying Import has...Ch. 14 - Calculating the Cost of Equity [LO1] Epley...Ch. 14 - Adjusted Cash Flow from Assets [LO3] Ward Corp. is...Ch. 14 - Adjusted Cash Flow from Assets [LO3] In the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 26QPCh. 14 - Prob. 27QPCh. 14 - Flotation Costs and NPV [LO3, 4] Photochronograph...Ch. 14 - Flotation Costs [LO4] Sheaves Corp. has a...Ch. 14 - Project Evaluation [LO3, 4] This is a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 31QPCh. 14 - Prob. 1MCh. 14 - Cost of Capital for Swan Motors You have recently...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3MCh. 14 - Cost of Capital for Swan Motors You have recently...Ch. 14 - Cost of Capital for Swan Motors You have recently...
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- Suppose there is a large probability that L will default on its debt. For the purpose of this example, assume that the value of Ls operations is 4 million (the value of its debt plus equity). Assume also that its debt consists of 1-year, zero coupon bonds with a face value of 2 million. Finally, assume that Ls volatility, , is 0.60 and that the risk-free rate rRF is 6%.arrow_forwardNext, we need to calculate MMMs cost of debt. We can use different approaches to estimate it One approach is to take the companys interest expense and divide it by total debt (which is the sum of short-term debt and long-term debt). This approach only works if the historical cost of debt equals the yield to maturity in todays market (i.e., if MMMs outstanding bonds are trading at dose to par). This approach may produce misleading estimates in years in which MMM issues a significant amount of new debt. For example, if a company issues a great deal of debt at the end of the year, the full amount of debt will appear on the year-end balance sheet, yet we still may not see a sharp increase in annual interest expense because the debt was outstanding for only a small portion of the entire year. When this situation occurs, the estimated cost of debt will likely understate the true cost of debt. Another approach is to try to find this number in the notes to the companys annual report by accessing the company's home page and its Investor Relations section. Alternatively, you can go to other external sources, such as bondsonline.com, for corporate bond spreads, which can be used to find estimates of the cost of debt. Finally, you can also go to Morningstar.com, which will provide yield to maturity information on the firms various bond issues. A longer-term issues YTM could provide an estimate of the firms current cost of debt to be used in the WACC calculation. Remember that you need the after-tax cost of debt to calculate a firm's WACC, so you will need MMMs tax rate (which has averaged around 30% in recent years). What is your estimate of MMMs after-tax cost of debt?arrow_forwardConsider a simple firm that has the following market-value balance sheet: Assets Liabilities end equity $1 040 Debt Equity $400 640 Next year, there are two possible values for its assets, each equally likely: $1 180 and $960. Its debt will be due with 4.9% interest. Because all of the cash flows from the assets must go to either the debt or the equity, if you hold a portfolio of the debt and equity in the same proportions as the firm's capital structure, your portfolio should earn exactly the expected return on the firm's assets. Show that a portfolio invested 38% in the firm's debt and 62% in its equity will have the same expected return as the assets of the firm. That is, show that the firm's pre-tax WACC is the same as the expected return on its assets. If the assets will be worth $1 180 in one year, the expected return on assets will be %. (Round to one decimal place.)arrow_forward
- 3 Next period a firm will be worth $56 with 10% probability, $98 with 55% probability, and $152 otherwise. The firm has one senior bond outstanding with a face value of $33 and one junior bond outstanding with a face value of $30. The senior bond has a promised return of 4%. The junior bond has a promised return of 13%. The firm's required return on assets is 12%. What is the value of the firm?arrow_forwardConsider a two-date binomial model. A company has both debt and equity in its capital structure. The value of the company is 100 at Date 0. At Date 1, it is equally like that the value of the company increases by 20% or decreases by 10%. The total promised amount to the debtholders is 100 at Date 1. The riskfree interest rate is 10%. a. What are the possible payoffs to the equityholders at date 1? What kind of financial product has the same payoffs? Please describe the detailed characteristics of the financial product. b. What are the possible payoffs to the bondholders at date 1? Are they riskfree? What kind of financial product/portfolio has the same payoffs? Please describe the detailed characteristics of the financial product/portfolio.arrow_forwardWolfrum Technology (WT) has no debt. Its assets will be worth $467 million one year from now if the economy is strong, but only $295 million in one year if the economy is weak. Both events are equally likely. The market value today of its assets is $291 million. a. What is the expected return of WT stock without leverage? b. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 5%. If WT borrows $139 million today at this rate and uses the proceeds to pay an immediate cash dividend, what will be the market value of its equity just after the dividend is paid, according to MM? c. What is the expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part (b)? a. The unievered expected return of WT stock is (Round to two decimal places)arrow_forward
- Problem 3.1. Assume CAPM. Assume that the risk-free interest rate equals 0.03 and that the market retur equals 0.08. Consider a company which currently has 2 million shares outsanding with the stock price of $20 per share. The equity rate is 0.09. The company has ten million dollars in debt with the debt beta equal to 0.4. The weighted average cost of capital is 0.0796. Calculate the capital tax rate.arrow_forwardA company needs ghc1000 to finance its activities. The firm can finance this expenditure either by bonds or equity. Interest rate on bonds is 10%. The company can earn ghe 160 in good years and ghc80 in bad years. Assuming the firm faces one-quarter probability of good years; What will be the stream of returns on both bonds and equity if the company chooses the following financing options? i. a. 100% equity financing ii. 50% equity financing iii. 20% equity financing iv. 0% equity financing Estimate the equity risk associated with each option in (a) As an investor who wants to purchase a share in the company, which financing option will make you purchase the stock. Why? b. C.arrow_forwardPlease answer this question: Firm L has debt with a market value of $200,000 and a yield of 9%. The firm's equity has a market value of $300,000, its earnings are growing at a rate of 5%, and its tax rate is 40%. A similar firm with no debt has a cost of equity of 12%. Under the MM extension with growth, what is Firm L's cost of equity? Question 4 options: 1) 11.4% 2) 12.0% 3) 12.6% 4) 13.3% 5) 14.0%arrow_forward
- Your firm has 1,500,000 in stock assets with a duration of 16 and 500,000 in cash with a duration of 0. Your firm has issued a debt with a present value of of 1,800,000 and a duration of 14. The yield curve is flat at 4.50% A. What is the duration of the equity? B. Your firms risk management team is concerned that interest rates will change to 4.85. using duration analysis, how much would you estimate the value of your equity will change if interest rates were to change to 4.85%? C. if you wanted to immunize the value of your firms equity(i.e. set it's duration=0) how much would you need to have invested in cash and how much would you need invested in stock assets in order to achieve this goal?arrow_forwardMf3. Question 3. a) Which security has more total risk? b) Which security has more systematic risk? c) Which security should have the higher expected return? Why? QUESTION 4. The company XYZ has 2.5 million share of common stock outstanding and 60,000 bonds (par value of the bond is $1,000) with semi-annual coupon payments of $40 per bond. The bonds have 8 years to maturity and sell for $900, The common stock has a beta of 1.34 and sells for $42 a share. The US. Treasury bill is yielding 2.8 percent and the return on the market is 11.2 percent The corporate tax rate is 21 percent. What is the Company's weighted average cost of capital?arrow_forwardfor question 9 Ch. 13. For questions 7, 8, and 9, use the following information: 7.) Consider a firm whose debt has a market value of $35 million and whose stock has a market value of $55 million. The firm pays a 7 percent rate of interest on its new debt and has a beta of 1.23. The corporate tax rate is 21%. Assume that the security market line holds, that the risk premium on the market is 10.5 percent, and that the current Treasury bill is rate is 1 percent. What is the aftertax cost of debt? Format as a percentage and round to two places past the decimal point as "X.XX" 5.53 8.) Consider a firm whose debt has a market value of $35 million and whose stock has a market value of $55 million. The firm pays a 7 percent rate of interest on its new debt and has a beta of 1.23. The corporate tax rate is 21%. Assume that the security market line holds, that the risk premium on the market is 10.5 percent, and that the current Treasury bill is rate is 1 percent. Using the pretax cost of…arrow_forward
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