21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 14, Problem 45QP
To determine
The time period up to which sun’s luminosity lasts.
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The total luminosity of the Sun is 4e26 Watts.a) What is the mass (in kg) that the Sun loses each second due to the conversion of nuclearbinding energy into radiation?b) The Sun has a total mass of 2e30kg and will live for 1e10 years. What fraction of theSun’s mass will be consumed in its lifetime due to nuclear fusion? Don’t forget that Wattsare measured in seconds.c) One of the interactions that takes place in the Sun’s core is the production of Deuterium.Two protons come together and one converts into a neutron. The mass of each proton is938.27209 MeV/c2. The mass of the deuteron is 1875.61294 MeV. How much energy isreleased during this process?d) During this process, the new nucleus releases two other particles. The initial particles,two protons, each have a quantum spin of +1/2 and an electric charge of +1. Now you havea proton, a neutron, a particle X, and particle Y. If the particle X has no electric charge,what is the electric charge of particle Y? If particle Y has a spin of…
1 Solar constant, Sun, and the 10 pc distance!
The luminosity of Sun is + 4- 1026 W - 4- 1033ergs-1, The Sun is located at a distance of
m from the Earth. The Earth receives a radiant flux (above its atmosphere) of F = 1365W m- 2, also known as
the solar constant. What would have been the Solar contact if the Sun was at a distance of 10 pc ?
1AU 1 1.5-+ 1011
Using the HR diagram what is the approximate range of relative luminosities covered for a main sequence star at 10 000 K?
Chapter 14 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1ACYUCh. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1BCYUCh. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2CYUCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3CYUCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4CYUCh. 14 - Prob. 1QPCh. 14 - Prob. 2QPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QPCh. 14 - Prob. 4QPCh. 14 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 14 - Prob. 6QPCh. 14 - Prob. 7QPCh. 14 - Prob. 8QPCh. 14 - Prob. 9QPCh. 14 - Prob. 10QPCh. 14 - Prob. 11QPCh. 14 - Prob. 12QPCh. 14 - Prob. 13QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14QPCh. 14 - Prob. 15QPCh. 14 - Prob. 16QPCh. 14 - Prob. 17QPCh. 14 - Prob. 18QPCh. 14 - Prob. 19QPCh. 14 - Prob. 20QPCh. 14 - Prob. 21QPCh. 14 - Prob. 22QPCh. 14 - Prob. 23QPCh. 14 - Prob. 24QPCh. 14 - Prob. 25QPCh. 14 - Prob. 26QPCh. 14 - Prob. 27QPCh. 14 - Prob. 28QPCh. 14 - Prob. 29QPCh. 14 - Prob. 30QPCh. 14 - Prob. 31QPCh. 14 - Prob. 34QPCh. 14 - Prob. 35QPCh. 14 - Prob. 36QPCh. 14 - Prob. 37QPCh. 14 - Prob. 38QPCh. 14 - Prob. 39QPCh. 14 - Prob. 40QPCh. 14 - Prob. 41QPCh. 14 - Prob. 42QPCh. 14 - Prob. 43QPCh. 14 - Prob. 44QPCh. 14 - Prob. 45QP
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- Models of the Sun indicate that only about 10% of the total hydrogen in the Sun will participate in nuclear reactions, since it is only the hydrogen in the central regions that is at a high enough temperature. Use the total energy radiated per second by the Sun, 3.81026 watts, alongside the exercises and information given here to estimate the lifetime of the Sun. (Hint: Make sure you keep track of the units: if the luminosity is the energy radiated per second, your answer will also be in seconds. You should convert the answer to something more meaningful, such as years.)arrow_forwardAppendix J lists the stars that appear brightest in our sky. Are most of these hotter or cooler than the Sun? Can you suggest a reason for the difference between this answer and the answer to the previous question? (Hint: Look at the luminosities.) Is there any tendency for a correlation between temperature and luminosity? Are there exceptions to the correlation?arrow_forward= 2000 K and a radius of R, A young recently formed planet has a surface temperature T Jupiter radii (where Jupiter's radius is 7 x 107 m). Calculate the luminosity of the planet and 2 determine the ratio of the planet's luminosity to that of the Sun.arrow_forward
- Using solar units, we find that a star has 4 times the luminosity of the Sun, a mass 1.25 times the mass of the Sun, and a surface temperature of 4090 K (take the Sun's surface temperature to be 5784 K for the sake of this problem). This means the star has a radius of.................... solar radii and is a .................... star (use the classification).arrow_forwardA planet orbits 1 AU from a star that is 2 times as massive as our Sun. How does the star's luminosity compare? LSun If the star has the same radius as our Sun, what is the temperature of the star compared to the Sun? т. Tsun If Earth's average temperature is 287 K and the Sun were replaced with this star, how would its average temperature change? (Enter a temperature in K. Assume that Earth temperature is proportional to solar flux.) K Need Help? Read Itarrow_forwardExplain how some stars form in binary systems. ...arrow_forward
- What four (4) stars are not as bright (luminous) as our Sun? JUST NAME 4 STARS THAT ARE NOT AS BRIGHT (LUMINOUS) AS OUR SUN? Asap help needed!!!arrow_forward3) indicate which locations in the H-R diagram correspond to places where the evolution is slow. Answers should be in the order they occur in the star. For example, if, in order, E, I and A are locations where there is a long time between changes, then enter EIA. (HINT: There are exactly three of them Hint: Hint: Our sun will be stable for another 4 billion years and white dwarfs last a long time because they are small. Really good additional hint: There are 3 places where the evolution is slow. Info below is what each of the labels are. 1) red giant, helium flash A2) white dwarf F3) red giant with helium burning shell B4) hydrogen fusion in shell around core I5) helium fusion in core D6) envelope ejected, planetary nebula H7) main-sequence star C8) helium used up, core collapses G9) hydrogen used up, core collapses Earrow_forwardWhat the main differences that can occur between the life cycles of a Sun-sized star and a massive star? Answer in 3-4 sentences only Asap help needed..arrow_forward
- = A star population is composed of stars with masses in the range between 1M and 150M. The initial mass function is = 0 (M/M)-2.3, where o (Mo). The luminosity of a star = (M/M) 3.3. Calculate the percentage of the total luminosity of the stars in the population which is produced by stars with mass between 120M and 150M. scales with its mass as L/Larrow_forwardWhat the main differences that can occur between the life cycles of a Sun-sized star and a massive star? Plz help me asap with good type anwers in 3-4 sentences plzzarrow_forwardGiven the Sun's present rate of energy generation (i.e. its present luminosity), how long will the Sun's energy source last (from beginning to end)? Answer in years.arrow_forward
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