Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13.2, Problem 4CC
WHAT IF? → A certain eukaryote lives as a unicellular organism. but during environmental stress. it produccs gametes The gametes fuse, and the resulting zygote undergoes meiosis. generating new single cells. What type of organism could this be?
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| The Role of Meiosis
Key Idea: There are two types of cell division in eukaryotes,
mitosis and meiosis, but only meiosis produces cells that are
genetically different to the parent cell.
New cells are formed when existing cells divide. There are
two forms of cell division in eukaryotes, mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from a parent
cell. Meiosis is a special type of cell division, and produces
sex cells (gametes or spores) for sexual reproduction. In
sexual reproduction, sex cells from two parents combine to
form an individual that is genetically different to its parents.
The sex cells in humans, called eggs and
sperm, are produced by meiosis. Events
occurring during meiosis creates gametes
with unique combinations of gene variants
and so creates genetic variability.
Sexual reproduction rearranges and
reshuffles the genetic material into new
combinations. This is why family members
may look similar, but they'll never be
identical (except for…
MAKE CONNECTIONS Look at Figure 12.7 and imagine the twodaughter cells undergoing another round of mitosis, yielding four cells.Compare the number of chromosomes in each of those four cells, aftermitosis, with the number in each cell in Figure 13.8, after meiosis. Whatis it about the process of meiosis that accounts for this difference, eventhough meiosis also includes two cell divisions?
..explain why meiosis occurs only in specialized cells (gametes), and
that the overall goal of meiosis is to make haploid cells for sexual
reproduction
• ..outline the sequence of key chromosomal movements and
rearrangements during the two meiotic divisions, identifying key
similarities and differences between meiosis and mitosis
• ..describe the ploidy of a cell before and after meiosis I and meiosis II,
and how ploidy changes after separation of sister chromatids and
homologous chromosomes
Chapter 13 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 13.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Using what you know of gene...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13.1 - WHATIF? A horticulturalist breeds orchids, trying...Ch. 13.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Figure 13.4. how many DNA...Ch. 13.2 - VISUAL SKILLS In The karyotype shown in Figuro...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13.2 - WHAT IF? A certain eukaryote lives as a...Ch. 13.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Comparc tho chromosomes in a...Ch. 13.3 - WHAT IF? After the synaptonemal complex...Ch. 13.4 - What is the original source of Variation among the...
Ch. 13.4 - The diploid number for fruit flies is 8, and the...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13 - Explain why human offifuing resemble their parents...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.2CRCh. 13 - Prob. 13.3CRCh. 13 - Prob. 13.4CRCh. 13 - A human cell containing 22 autosomes.and a Y...Ch. 13 - The two homologs of a pair move toward opposite...Ch. 13 - Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that (A)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 13 - If we continue to follow the cell lineage from...Ch. 13 - DRAW IT The diagram shows a cell in meiosis. (a)...Ch. 13 - Explain how you can tell that the cell in question...Ch. 13 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Many species can reproduce...Ch. 13 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY The diagram in quest ion 6...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 13 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE For selected answers,...
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- Canvas What do the structures A and B represent ? A O Homologous chromosomes O Non-homologous chromosomes O Non-sister chromatids O Sister chromatids Chp 田arrow_forward1. Meiosis practice with ascospores The life cycle of the fungus Sordaria fimicola begins in the haploid state. After two different types of strains combine, they develop a diploid nucleus. As the life cycle continues, the diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis (2 cell divisions, remember?) followed by mitosis (a trick the fungi do to make more mileage out of the mating). This produces eight haploid ascospores which are stored in a sac called an ascus. The spores line up in a way that shows these cell divisions. After the spores have matured, the sac will burst, allowing the ascospores to be released. These spores are haploid and thus begin the life cycle again. Sordaria fimicola is often used to observe crossing over because the wild type strain has black ascospores and the mutant type has tan ascospores. When a combination of the two strains go through meiosis, the location of the ascospores will directly show if crossing over has occurred. The below pictures shows a fruiting body with…arrow_forwardAlternation of generations describes which of the following? The haploid form can be multicellular; the diploid form is unicellular The haploid form is unicellular; the diploid form can be multicellular Both the haploid and diploid forms can be multicellular Neither the haploid nor the diploid forms can be multicellular.arrow_forward
- Review Concept 12.1 Cell Division. Match the term and its description. Each term can only be used once. All the DNA in a cell is called its [Choose] Choose] Material of chromosome, a complex of DNA ani protein is referred as sister chromatids These nonreproductive cells or body cells are called somatic cells gametes This duplicated chromosome attached along thcir lengths by centromere cohesins. each contain two cell division This is the narrow "waist" of the duplicated chromosome where the two sister chromatids are attached. chromatin genomearrow_forwardFill in the blanks. The parentheses represent choices for each blank. In both mitosis and ________ (meiosis I, meiosis II) , a spindle forms and separates sister chromatids. While mitosis produces two nuclei, meiosis II produces _________ (four haploid nuclei, two haploid nuclei).arrow_forwardPicture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 Picture 4 Picture 5 Picture 6 Meiosis stage descriptions 7. homologous pairs line up as tetrads along the middle of the cell 8. one of each homologous pair reaches the ends of the cell, the cell begins pinching in, and two new nuclear membranes form 9. DNA condenses in two haploid cells, the nuclear membranes disintegrate 10. sister chromatids split apart and daughter chromosomes move towards the ends of twn cellsarrow_forward
- Meiosis stage descriptions 7. homologous pairs line up as tetrads along the middle of the cell 8. one of each homologous pair reaches the ends of the cell, the cell begins pinching in, and two new nuclear membranes form 9. DNA condenses in two haploid cells, the nuclear membranes disintegrate 10. sister chromatids split apart and daughter chromosomes move towards the ends of two cells 11. DNA replication has occured, DNA decondensed in one cell 12. four cells with half of the genetic material of a body cell result, all are different from each other Match the picture or the image with the name of the stage it represents. Use each stage just once for either an image or description.arrow_forwardVarious stages of cell division Growing spindle fibres Disappearing nuckar membrane Centrio les migrate toward poles Replicated chromosomearrow_forwardSelect two that apply. Which of the following generate genetic diversity in meiosis? homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase II homologous chromosomes align individually during metaphase II O bivalents align independently from other bivalents during metaphase I sister chromatids exchange genetic material during prophase I homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during prophase I meiosis goes through two rounds of divisionarrow_forward
- Plasmogamy is the fusion of(a) two haploid cells including their nuclei.(b) two haploid cells without nuclear fusion.(c) sperm and egg.(d) sperm and two polar nuclei. Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.arrow_forwardExercise Observe the diagram below and answer the following questions: Image Source: Wikimedia Commons 18₂1)-(²) (Cr)-(1 1. Which process is represented in these diagrams? Mitosis or meiosis? Explain your answer. 2. How many chromosomes did the cell start with? 3. How many chromosomes are present at the end of division I? 4. How many chromosomes are present in each cell at the end of division II? Homologous Chromosomes 5. Explain how meiosis results in UNIQUE cells. 6. Is this cell division occurring in a plant cell or an animal cell? What is the main difference between the two divisions?arrow_forwardQ.No.1. A pollen of maize with nuclei labeled P, Q and R fertilized an embryo sac with nuclei labeled S, T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z as shown here. X V Y Synergids W P Tube nucleus Antipodals Which of the nuclei in the pollen grain would contain genetically identical sets of chromosomes? Which of the nuclei in the embryo sac would be chromosomally and genetically equivalent? Which of the nuclei in these two gametophytes will have no descendents in the mature seed?arrow_forward
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