Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13.1, Problem 3AYP
Discuss how the Human Microbiome Project has changed our understanding of normal biota.
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Choose the false statement below.
Resident microbes in our gastrointestinal tract assist in our immune system's ability to recognize
future emerging infections that may be created by gene transfer into species of normal body
flora.
The Human Microbiome Project goals included examination of ethical implications of collecting
data on the human microbiome as well as development of techniques to create new vaccines.
Animals grown in the absence of bacteria provide evidence for the role of normal body flora in
development of the digestive and immune systems.
Question 15
Choose the false statement below.
An unborn baby is axenic but, upon delivery, acquires body flora via both oral and vertical
transmission but also via direct transmission from healthcare workers.
O The many species that provide humans with bacterial antagonism are also considered
opportunistic pathogens.
Unlike opportunistic pathogens, a true pathogen causes disease no matter how much inoculum
is introduced into the host.
What technology revolutionized and enabled the human genome project? What are some of the ways that it revolutionized our view of genetics and our ability to study the microbiome?
This article highlights a young doctor at Elmhurst Hospital during the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic. Dr. Zikry is quoted as saying: “It’s become very clear to me what a socioeconomic disease this is...”. In addition, the textbook discusses the personal variables and socioeconomic status (SES) that are used to find patterns in disease (pp.112-118).
What do you think Dr. Zikry meant by referring to the SES of his patients? Why was it important to find a pattern of personal variables and SES among the of victims of Covid-19 at the beginning of the pandemic?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 13.1 - Identify the sites where normal biota is found in...Ch. 13.1 - Discuss how the Human Microbiome Project has...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 13.2 - Differentiate between a microbes pathogenicity and...Ch. 13.2 - List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 13.2 - Draw and label a curve representing the course of...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 13.2 - List six different modes of horizontal...Ch. 13.2 - Define healthcare-associated infection, listing...Ch. 13.2 - List Kochs postulates, and explain alternative...Ch. 13.3 - Summarize the goals of epidemiology and the role...Ch. 13.3 - Identify why some diseases are notifiable, and...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 13.3 - Discuss the three major types of epidemics, and...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 13 - A positive antibody test for HIV would be a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 11TFCh. 13 - Prob. 12TFCh. 13 - Prob. 13TFCh. 13 - Prob. 14TFCh. 13 - Prob. 15TFCh. 13 - Based upon data from the Human Microbiome Project...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 1VCCh. 13 - Appendix D provides guidance for working with...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a US National Institutes of Health initiative that was launched in 2008 with a 5-year mission to generate resources enabling comprehensive characterization of the human microbiome and analysis of its role in human health and disease. As of October 2012, approximately 5,000 samples had been collected from 129 men and 113 women. Body sites sampled included the mouth, nose, skin, lower intestine (stool samples), and vagina. HMP researchers have calculated that more than 10,000 microbial species occupy the human ecosystem and that they have identified between 81% and 99% of the genera. What microorganisms are identified in the vagina and their potential functions/roles of these microbial populations to human health based on the dataarrow_forwardgo to the website https://www.nature.com/immersive/d42859-019-00041-z/index.html and scroll up and down to review the milestones associated with microbiota research. Answer the questions/ prompts below. Bacteria and our brain? Read the information associated with this milestone and what was discovered. Briefly describe what they found...Milestone/year? What milestone is associated with the debate about when the microbiome is first established? Why is there a debate? Watch the video just below the milestone. What specific type of gene analysis was used to determine that we have our own unique microbiome? Which milestone/year? Sometimes we need antibiotics...this milestone discusses how long it can affect us after infection. In this milestone they discussed how long we could be affected by one course of antibiotics...how long? Which milestone/year? Find the milestone associated with a highly motile bacteria. What disease was treated? How was this treatment used for a…arrow_forwardPick a specific microbiome (i.e. skin, mouth, gut, reproductive) and discuss interesting points and how it is important to human health/diversity/etc. Here you can discuss any aspect of the microbiome that you like. Whatever is of most interest to you personally for example the uniqueness of an individual’s microbiome or disease states due to disruptions in bacterial communities, etc. Find a recent (2015 or newer) primary research article that investigates some aspect of the microbiome environment that you discussed in question 2 and discuss the findings and how it has increased our understanding of the microbiome.arrow_forward
- Just last week the Energy Department now seems pretty confident that the coronavirus came from a lab leak: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/26/us/politics/china-lab-leak-coronavirus-pandemic.html The textbook discusses how the environment is part of the epidemiologic triangle. What is the epidemiologic triangle? (Figure 10-2, p.210). Why does it matter where this coronavirus started? Do you have any theories about how the virus was transmitted to humans?arrow_forwardCan we help those we love with their health issues by helping to modify their gut microbiota?arrow_forwardExplain the Human Microbiome Project?arrow_forward
- A microbiologist argued that there is no such thing as “normal” microbiota of the human body, since the population is dynamic and is constantly changing, depending on diet and external environment. What would be an argument against this microbiologist’s view?arrow_forwardThe human microbiome is an integral part of human health. Unfortunately, the microbiomes of Americans are reduced in species diversity relative to those of people in other countries, especially those living in non-Western countries. Give examples of three beneficial functions that the human gut microbiome provides to us, the host and what are three potential causes of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans? Part II: What are three potential consequences of the reduced gut microbiomes of Americans?arrow_forwardWhich of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE: a) specialized transduction is a low frequency event b) may accidently package host DNA into a phage particle c) may perform specialized transduction d) only have a lytic life cyclearrow_forward
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