Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 9SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Natural selection is a mechanism that causes evolutionary adaptive variations in a population. It means that the individuals best suited for a specific environment are more likely to reproduce and survive in a population as compared to others. It works on heritable traits or existing variations that is it can be eliminated or amplified. The outcome of natural selection can be directional, disruptive, or stabilizing depending on the favored
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Which of these scenarios is an example of disruptive selection?
Darker colored morphs in a butterfly population are more adaptive than lighter colored morphs, and lighter colored morphs are eliminated from the population.
Intermediate gray morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the extreme dark and light color morphs have been eliminated.
The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population.
A new, unique color form arises from a mutation in a population of butterflies.
Alternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.
When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (i.e other than a 50:50 ratio). the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents then do the offspring of the majority sex. this is most clearly an example of?
genetic drift, directional selection, frequency dependent selection, stabilizing selection, or postzygotic barrier
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Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
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- In the Grants’ study of the medium ground finch, do you think the pattern of natural selection was directional, stabilizing, disruptive, or balancing? Explain your answer. If the environment remained dry indefinitely (for many years), what do you think would be the long-term outcome?arrow_forwardA species of fox has a mean number of 3 Kits, while more or less kits is selected against. This is an example of diversifying selection." true or falsearrow_forwardREAD THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection. REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR: 17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland? 17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom- poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not? 17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur must exist within a trait.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a case of directional selection? Question 70 options: During a drought, individual leopard frogs of intermediate body size are less likely to survive than large and small individuals. During a drought, individual house finches with intermediate beak size are more likely to survive than individuals with large or small beaks. During a drought, individual cattails that are heterozygous at a particular locus are more likely to die than homozygous individuals. During a drought, the larger individuals in a population of lizards are less likely to survive than the smaller ones.arrow_forwardIn a population of rabbits, half of the rabbits are brown and half are grey. Because male and female rabbits prefer to mate with only brown rabbits, eventually the population ends up with about 90% of the rabbits being brown. We can say that: grey rabbits will go extinct soon. no evolution has occurred because the change in allele frequencies is due to mating preference. evolution by non-random mating (or sexual selection) has occurred. evolution by natural selection has occurred.arrow_forwardSuppose there is a type of deleterious mutation in a particular human gene that causes death very late in life. Such mutations happen in about one in every million births, and can be passed on to descendants. Which statement about this allele is false? At equilibrium, the frequency of this allele will be zero. Selection against this mutation is weak compared to an allele that causes death at an earlier age. Medical advances that extend human lifespan will increase selection against this allele. Selection against this allele depends on the rate of extrinsic mortality.arrow_forward
- You are asked to assess whether a population of endangered salamanders can adapt to warming climate in their preferred habitat. The salamanders vary at a locus that determines adaptation to temperature, and the warming climate creates selection favoring one of two alleles at that locus. Drawing on what you know about natural selection and genetic drift, what information would you need to know about the salamanders to determine whether the allele that improves their adaptation to warmer climates will become fixed in the population? Strictly no plagiarism.arrow_forwardOn many remote islands in the Pacific, there are endemic species of wingless insects that apparently have evolved from winged ancestral species that colonized the island in the distant past. For this example, describe the conditions which must have been met in order for winglessness to have evolved, the means by which winglessness was able to increase in frequency in the population, and the mode of selection that must have taken place within this population. Your answer to this question must define and use terminology appropriate to a discussion of evolution.arrow_forwardCreation and presence of variation are directionless, but natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. Comment.arrow_forward
- Consider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forwardSuppose there is a deleterious mutation in some human gene that causes loss of function very late in life. Which of the following statements is LEAST supported? Selection against this mutation is weak The equilibrium frequency of this mutation will depend on its mutation rate The mutation affects fitness but not senescence Selection against this allele depends on extrinsic mortality.arrow_forwardExplain how these drawings illustrate an example of natural selection. Include the term "adaptive heritable trait" in your answer. A deer comes to eat. | A few weeks later the right-hand cactus has flowers. This figure shows the situation a few months later.arrow_forward
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