Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 44P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:Colour of dichromate ion, chromium (III) ion as well as the process involved in breath-alcohol screening, are to determined.
Concept introduction:The basis for original breath-alcohol screening test used by the law enforcement agencies for determining the content of alcohol in blood is the potassium dichromate oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid.
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。 A 0.140 mol quantity of CoCl₂ is added to a liter of 1.20 M NH3 solution. What is the concentration of Co²+ ions at
equilibrium? Assume the formation constant* of Co(NH3)² + is 5.0 × 10³¹ M−6.
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M
Consider the following equation: [Ni(H2O)6]2+ + 6NH3 <----> [Ni(NH3)6]2+ +6H2O
The effects of stress on this equilibrium can be monitored by changes in color. An equilibrium mixture is blue-green (indicating both products and reactants are present).
a.) When the equilibrium mixture is heated, the color changes to bright green. Which direction has the reaction shifted? To the products, the reactants, or no shift? How did you determine this? Which is the exothermic direction of this reaction? Forward, reverse, or cannot tell?
b.) When a few drops of concentrated NH3 are added to the equilibrium mixture, the solution turns deep blue. Which direction has the reaction shifted? To the products, the reactants, or no shift? How did you determine this?
c.) Addition of concentrated HNO3 to the blue-green mixture will remove NH3 by reaction. What should happen to the color of the solution? Will it turn more blue, turn more green, or no change? Explain.
When orange solution containing Cr2O72–ion is treated with an alkali, a yellow solution is formed and when H+ions are added to yellow solution, an orange solution is obtained. Explain why does this happen?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 13.1QCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 13.2QCCh. 13.2 - Problem 14-3 Draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.4QCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 13.5QCCh. 13.3 - Problem 14-6 Write the common name for each ether.Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 13.7QCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13.8QCCh. 13 - 14-8 Answer true or false. The functional group of...Ch. 13 - 14-9 What is the difference in structure between a...
Ch. 13 - 14-10 Which of the following are secondary...Ch. 13 - 14-11 Which of the alcohols in Problem 14-10 are...Ch. 13 - 14-12 Write the 1UPAC name of each compound. (e)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6PCh. 13 - Prob. 7PCh. 13 - 14-15 Both alcohols and phenols contain an —OH...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9PCh. 13 - 14-17 Explain in terms of noncovalent interactions...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11PCh. 13 - Prob. 12PCh. 13 - 14-20 Show hydrogen bonding between methanol and...Ch. 13 - 14-21 Show hydrogen bonding between the oxygen of...Ch. 13 - 14-22 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 13 - 14-23 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 13 - 14-24 2-Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) is commonly...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18PCh. 13 - Prob. 19PCh. 13 - Prob. 20PCh. 13 - 14-28 Give the structural formula of an alkene or...Ch. 13 - Prob. 22PCh. 13 - 14-30 Show how to distinguish between cyclohexanol...Ch. 13 - 14-31 Compare the acidity of alcohols and phenols,...Ch. 13 - 14-32 Both 2,6-diisopropylcyclohexanol and the...Ch. 13 - 14-33 Write equations for the reaction of...Ch. 13 - 14-34 Write equations for the reaction of...Ch. 13 - 14-35 Write equations for the reaction of each of...Ch. 13 - 14-36 Show how to convert cyclohexanol to these...Ch. 13 - Prob. 30PCh. 13 - Prob. 31PCh. 13 - 14-39 Name two important alcohols derived from...Ch. 13 - 14-40 Name two important alcohols derived from...Ch. 13 - Prob. 34PCh. 13 - 14-42 Write the common name for each ether. ch3...Ch. 13 - Prob. 36PCh. 13 - 14-44 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 13 - Prob. 38PCh. 13 - Write the common name for each thiol in Problem 38...Ch. 13 - 14-47 Following are structural formulas for...Ch. 13 - 14-48 Explain why methanethiol, CH3SH, has a lower...Ch. 13 - 14-49 Answer true or false. Today, the major...Ch. 13 - (Chemical Connections 13A ) As stated in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 44PCh. 13 - Prob. 45PCh. 13 - Prob. 46PCh. 13 - Prob. 47PCh. 13 - (Chemical Connections 13D ) Show that enflurane...Ch. 13 - Prob. 49PCh. 13 - 14-60 Write a balanced equation for the complete...Ch. 13 - 14-61 Knowing what you do about electronegativity,...Ch. 13 - 14-62 Draw structural formulas and write IUPAC...Ch. 13 - Prob. 53PCh. 13 - 14-64 Explain why the boiling point of ethylene...Ch. 13 - Prob. 55PCh. 13 - 14-66 1,4-Butanediol, hexane, and 1-pentanol have...Ch. 13 - 14-67 Of the three compounds given in Problem...Ch. 13 - Prob. 58PCh. 13 - 14-69 Show how to prepare each compound from...Ch. 13 - 14-70 Show how to prepare each compound from...Ch. 13 - 14-71 The mechanism of the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 13 - Prob. 62PCh. 13 - 14-73 Lipoic acid is a growth factor for many...Ch. 13 - 14-74 Following is a structural formula for the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 65PCh. 13 - Prob. 66PCh. 13 - Prob. 67PCh. 13 - 14-78 Consider alkenes A, B, and C. each of which...Ch. 13 - Prob. 69P
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- If 2.50 g of CuSO4 is dissolved into 9.0 x 10² mL of 0.30 M NH3, what are the concentrations of Cu²+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+, and NH3 at equilibrium? Note: K₁ for [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is 5.0 × 1013.arrow_forwardUsing Le Chateliers Principle, aan you help me understand what are the net ionic equations for the reactions below? the overall reaction is: [CoCl4]2– (alc) + 6 H2O (l) ⇌ [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4 Cl¯ (aq) Note: ‘alc’ means an alcoholic solution. The ion, [CoCl4]2– (alc), is blue in color and [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) is pink. We have a well filled with add 0.10M CoCl2 and add some deioinized water with stirring until a color change from blue to pink (to products). Next, we add a few drops of concentrated HCl and found color change to blue (to reactants).arrow_forwardcontaining a complex ion. In the presence of excess OH', the Al3+ (aq) ion forms a hydroxide complex ion, Al(OH)4. Calculate the concentration of free Al³+ ion when 1.64x10-2 mol Al(CH3COO)3(s) is added to 1.00 L of solution in which [OH ] is held constant (buffered at pH 12.40). For Al(OH)4", K = 1.1x1033. ma [A1³+] = Marrow_forward
- 1. What is the balanced net ionic equation for the equilibrium involving complex ions, CoCL42- and [Co(H2O)6]2+. 2. When heating the mixture the color was blue and when cooled it was pink. Based on this, is the forward reaction endothermic or exothermic and why? What is the balanced net ionic equation when heat is included? 3. How could an alcohol solution of CoCL2 beused to predict rain?arrow_forwardPlease rank properties of the following molecules in an increasing order:a) Acidity: HI, HF, HCl, H2Ob) Bronsted acidity: [Co(H2O)6]2+, [Co(H2O)6]3+arrow_forward7. A common reagent is used to identify zinc and copper ions?A) Sodium sulideB) Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)C) Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)D) Ammonia solutionE) Potassium iodidearrow_forward
- For each of the following reactions, identify the acid and the base. Also indicate which acid-base definition is most applicable. Fe3+ + 6 SCN– →[Fe(SCN)6]3– HClO4 + (CH3)3N → (CH3)3NH+ + ClO4– [Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4 HCl → [CoCl4]2– + 4 H3O+ + 2 H2Oarrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwritten solution.arrow_forwardReaction of Cu(OH)2 with phenol?arrow_forward
- Varrow_forwardCalculate the Co2+ equilibrium concentration when 0.100 mole of [Co(NH3)6](NO3)2 is added to a solution with 0.025 M NH3. Assume the volume is 1.00 L.arrow_forward[Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4 Cl-(aq )⇆ [CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6 H2O 3. Does the value of the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction increase, decrease, or remain the same as the concentration of chloride increases? Explain your answer incorporating the definition of an equilibrium constant.arrow_forward
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