PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS-CONNECT ACC
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781264088485
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13, Problem 3RQ
To determine
Explain the components of planned expenditure and the reason for change in planned spending as the output changes.
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The magazine Women of China reported that Chinese women in big cities spent 63% of their income on consumer goods last year, up from a meagre 26% in 2007. Clothing accounted for the biggest chunk of that spending, at nearly 30%, followed by digital products such as cellphones and cameras (11%) and travel (10%). Chinese consumption as a whole grew faster than the overall economy in the first half of the year and is expected to reach 42% of GDP by 2020, up from the current 36%.
Source: The Wall Street Journal, August 27, 2010
If the economy had been operating at a full employment equilibrium,
(a) Describe the macroeconomic equilibrium after the rise in consumer spending.
(b) Explain and draw a graph to illustrate how the economy can adjust in the long run to restore a full-employment equilibrium.
What is Aggregate Demand (AD), making sure to list its spending components, and explain why is AD curve downward sloping? (11.2)
Depict graphically the equilibrium level of National Product (NP) using the Aggregate Expenditure (AE) function. Explain why the intersection of the 45 degree line and the AE function represents equilibrium by appealing to the difference between actual and desired investmen
Chapter 13 Solutions
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- Question #2. 13 On April 27, 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released the data on GDP growth for the US economy for the first quarter of 2023 and revealed that the economy grew sluggisly by only 1.1 percent. Based on this report, suppose the U.S. consumers and businesses start to become pessimistic about the direction of the economy and eventually cut consumer and business spending, analyze using the IS-LM and AD-AS frameworks the short and long-run h effects of such a shock on prices, output, and real interest rate. # 3 E $ 4 Q Search R 15 % 5 f6 E L 6 17 4+ lyje Y 18 7 90 * 19 Page of 2 9 O f 112arrow_forwardPresident Biden recently boasted of his administration’s success in lowering the deficit of the US government. This reduction could be considered “budget austerity”. Budget austerity usually involves a reduction in federal government spending and/or the raising of taxes to keep the budget deficit under control. Assume that just as austerity was beginning that we found the economy at a level of Ye that was below full employment (Ye < YN), as we did in the first two quarters of 2022. Illustrate graphically using the simple expenditure model developed in class what austerity will mean when for the level of planned spending when we start at Ye<YN, in theory, for the level of planned spending and equilibrium output as it takes effect. Lastly, given the movement you show in planned spending, if any, does the policy of austerity make sense if your goal is use policy to achieve YN? Explain.arrow_forwardSuppose you know the following facts about consumer behavior of Amy in 2019. In a year, Amy spends $10000 on basic household items regardless of how much she is earning. For every dollar of disposable income earned, Amy spends 50% on extra purchases. Amy pays taxes in the amount of $1000, and receives no transfers. Use this information to: Derive Amy’s consumption function in nominal terms. Suppose the price level index in the economy for 2019 is estimated to be P = 2. Rewrite the consumption function in real terms.arrow_forward
- Due to some negative news concerning the impact of global warming on the economy, consumers are becoming more pessimistic about the future to the point of reducing autonomous consumption by 50. What is the immediate impact on income before the economy adjusts to its new equilibrium? What are the economy’s equilibrium level of output Y and interest rate r following the fall in autonomous consumption? Compute the equilibrium level of consumption and investment spending. With the help of the IS/LM graph, carefully explain what happens to the economy following the fall in consumer confidence.arrow_forwardIn the country of Arcadia, the minimum amount of consumption spending that will occur in a given year is $50- that is, no matter what level of income households have, the aggregate amount of consumption spending in the economy will be at least $50. In addition, for every extra dollar of national income, consumption spending will increase by $0.75. (Note: For the entirety of this problem, assume that Taxes = trans fers = 0, and the aggregate price level in Arcadia is fixed.) a. What is the marginal propensity to consume in Arcadia? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW] b. Write out the consumption function for the Arcadian economy. [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]arrow_forwardThe aggregate expenditures of the hypothetical country shown includes $2 billion in investment expenditures, $3 billion in government expenditures, and $1 billion in exports. At a real GDP of $18 billion, consumption expenditures less imports equal $12 billion and imports equal $2 billion. Use this information to graph the aggregate expenditures (AE) function. Assume autonomous consumption and autonomous imports are $0. Aggregate planned expenditures (in billions of $) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 02 4 6 8 10 12 14 Real GDP (in billions of $) 45 degree line 16 18 20arrow_forward
- The economy is in equilibrium such that Planned Aggregate Expenditure (AE) = Aggregate Output (Y) = 1,200. We have earlier observed that when Y increased from 900 to 1,200 Aggregate Consumption (C) increased from 800 to 1000. If investments increase by 55, how much will Aggregate Income change from its current value of 1,200? 110 82.5 165 1,365 1,310arrow_forwardIn the future report of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Quarter 1 of 2023, which of the following would not be an example of an expenditure that would contribute to an increase in the level of GDP in Q1 of 2023? [note: focus on the direct impact of each of the choices below] Group of answer choices U.S. household spending on home appliances increases by 0.5% in 2023:Q1 Business investment spending on industrial equipment rises by 2% in 2023:Q1 U.S. Federal government interest payments rise by $120 billion in 2023:Q4 U.S. consumer spending on domestic air travel increases by 8% in 2023:Q1. None of the choices listed because all would contribute to an increase in real GDP in 2023:Q1.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following affect consumption spending (C), investment spending (I), government spending (G), net export spending (NX), or none of the above (N). Enter only the letter given in parenthesis. Carmax sells a three year old car to John The government sends a social security payment to your grandfather John spends his social security check on a new computer Publix buys 4 new computers You pay your tuition to UCFarrow_forward
- Discuss what is meant by a recessionary gap and an inflationary gap in the AD/AS model. Give examples of what will change consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports, and thus AD. (12.1)arrow_forwardIn the country of Marzipana, disposable income in Year 1 was $56,000 million and in Year 2 was $60,000 million: It has been observed that each time disposable income changes in this country by $100, consumption changes by $70. Using this information compute the change in consumption from Year 1 to Year 2. A)Consumption increased by $2,800 million in Year 2. B)Consumption decreased by $2,800 million in Year 2. C)Consumption increased by $5,714 million in Year 2. D)Consumption increased by $4,000 million in Year 2. E) Consumption decreased by $4,000 million in Year 2.arrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical economy in which the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.60. That is, if disposable income increases by $1, consumption increases by 60¢. Suppose further that last year disposable income in the economy was $450 billion and consumption was $400 billion. On the following graph, use the blue line (circle symbol) to plot this economy's consumption function based on these data. CONSUMPTION (Billions of dollars) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 DISPOSABLE INCOME (Billions of dollars) 700 800 ? From the preceding data, you know that the level of savings in the economy last year was $ economy is billion and the marginal propensity to save in this Suppose that this year, disposable income is projected to be $550 billion. Based on your analysis, you would expect consumption to be $ billion and savings to be $ billion.arrow_forward
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