Essential Statistics
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259570643
Author: Navidi
Publisher: MCG
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Question
Chapter 1.3, Problem 17E
a.
To determine
Identify whether the given study is an observational study or a randomized experiment.
b.
To determine
Explain whether the given conclusion is well justified.
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Do sports drinks help prevent cramps in endurance sports? At the end of a marathon, officials will ask runners if they drank water or a sports drink during the race, along with whether or not they suffered any cramps. Is this an observational study or experiment?
A researcher studies the effect of cognitive psychotherapy on positive self-regard. The number of positive statements made about oneself is recorded for each participant during the first meeting. After 8 weekly therapy sessions, the measures are repeated for each person. The therapist predicts that cognitive psychotherapy will increase the number of positive statements. For the following data:
Before Treatment
After Treatment
7
10
6
12
9
7
5
17
a. Identify the IV and DV.
b. State the hypotheses.
c. Set the criteria for the decision (In other words, what is the t-critical value?).
d. Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test.
e. Make a decision about the null hypothesis. Should you reject the Ho?
f. Interpret the results. What do the results of your test tell you about cognitive psychotherapy and positive self-regard?
3. A researcher was interested in the effects of a drug on depression. Subjects were randomly
assigned to one of the three groups. Subjects in the control group received a placebo and the
subjects in the two treatment groups received either a 0.2 mg or a 0.4 mg dosage of the drug.
After several weeks of drug (or placebo) treatment, the researcher measured the subjects' level
of depression (a low score indicating greater depression) The following data were obtained.
Placebo
0.2 mg
0.4 mg
12
11
12
10
9.
14
11
11
17
13
13
16
15
7
16
12
Mean of X = 10
14
12
S^2 = 5.6
8.4
Using 5% of significance, test the hypothesis that the three groups differ in their effectiveness.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Essential Statistics
Ch. 1.1 - 1. A pollster wants to estimate the proportion of...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 1.1 - 3. A radio talk-show host invites listeners to...Ch. 1.1 - 4. Every 10 years, the U.S. Census Bureau attempts...Ch. 1.1 - 5. A public health researcher is designing a study...Ch. 1.1 - 6. A college basketball team held a promotion at...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.1 - In Exercises 7–12, fill in each blank with the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 7–12, fill in each blank with the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 7–12, fill in each blank with the...
Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 7–12, fill in each blank with the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 7–12, fill in each blank with the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 1.1 - In Exercises 17–20, determine whether the number...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 1.1 - In Exercises 17–20, determine whether the number...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 25–36, identify the kind of sample...Ch. 1.1 - 39. You’re giving me a headache: A pharmaceutical...Ch. 1.1 - 40. Pay more for recreation? The director of the...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 1.1 - 42. Quality control: Products come off an assembly...Ch. 1.1 - 43. On-site day care: A large company wants to...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 44ECh. 1.1 - 45. Draw a sample: Imagine that you are asked to...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 1.2 - 1. A pollster asks a group of six voters about...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 11–14, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 11–14, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 11–14, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 15–24, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 15–24, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 15–24, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - In Exercises 15–24, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 15–24, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 15–24, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 25–32, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 25–32, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 25–32, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 33–40, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 33–40, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 33–40, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 1.2 - In Exercises 33–40, determine whether the data...Ch. 1.2 - Working with the Concepts
41. Ringtones: Following...Ch. 1.2 - 42. More Ringtones: The following table presents...Ch. 1.2 - 43. How’s the economy? A poll conducted by the...Ch. 1.2 - 44. Global warming: A recent Pew poll asked people...Ch. 1.2 - 45. Read any good books lately? According to Time...Ch. 1.2 - 46. Watch your language: According to...Ch. 1.2 - 47. Top ten PC games: Nielsen Media recently...Ch. 1.2 - 48. At the movies: The following table provides...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 1.3 - 1. To study the effect of air pollution on...Ch. 1.3 - 2. It is known that drinking alcohol increases the...Ch. 1.3 - In a study conducted at the University of Southern...Ch. 1.3 - In a study conducted at the University of...Ch. 1.3 - In Exercises 5–10, fill in each blank with the...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 1.3 - In Exercises 11–16, determine whether the...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 1.3 - 23. Taxicabs and crime: A sociologist discovered...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 1.4 - Exercises 1 and 2 are the Check Your Understanding...Ch. 1.4 - Exercises 1 and 2 are the Check Your Understanding...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 6–8, determine whether the statement...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 9–16, specify the type of bias...Ch. 1.4 - Nuclear power, anyone? In a survey conducted by...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 1.4 - Literary Digest poll: In the 1936 presidential...Ch. 1 - Provide an example of a qualitative variable and...Ch. 1 - Is the name of your favorite author a qualitative...Ch. 1 - True or false: Nominal variables do not have a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4CQCh. 1 - Prob. 5CQCh. 1 - Prob. 6CQCh. 1 - Prob. 7CQCh. 1 - Prob. 8CQCh. 1 - True or false: An experiment where neither the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10CQCh. 1 - Prob. 11CQCh. 1 - Prob. 12CQCh. 1 - Prob. 13CQCh. 1 - Prob. 14CQCh. 1 - Prob. 15CQCh. 1 - Prob. 1RECh. 1 - Prob. 2RECh. 1 - Discrete or continuous? Is the area of a college...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4RECh. 1 - In Exercises 5–8, identify the kind of sample that...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 5–8, identify the kind of sample that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7RECh. 1 - In Exercises 5–8, identify the kind of sample that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9RECh. 1 - Prob. 10RECh. 1 - Prob. 11RECh. 1 - Prob. 12RECh. 1 - In Exercises 13–15, explain why the results of the...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 13–15, explain why the results of the...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 13–15, explain why the results of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1WAICh. 1 - Prob. 2WAICh. 1 - Describe circumstances under which each of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4WAICh. 1 - Prob. 5WAICh. 1 - Prob. 6WAICh. 1 - Prob. 7WAICh. 1 - Prob. 9WAICh. 1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 1 - Prob. 2CSCh. 1 - Prob. 3CSCh. 1 - Prob. 4CSCh. 1 - Prob. 5CSCh. 1 - Prob. 6CSCh. 1 - Prob. 7CSCh. 1 - Prob. 8CSCh. 1 - Prob. 9CSCh. 1 - Prob. 10CSCh. 1 - Prob. 11CSCh. 1 - Air pollution is a serious problem in many places....
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- How would you find (a.) and (b.)?? As well as finding the test statistic and p-value?arrow_forwardTreatment for depression: Researchers conducted a study of 18 patients whose depression had not responded to treatment (Zarate, 2006). Half received one intravenous dose of ketamine, hypothesized quick fix for depression; half received one intravenous dose of placebo. Far more of the patients who received ketamine improved, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, usually in less than 2 hours, than patients on placebo. a.What is the population of interest, and what is the sample in the study? b. Was random selection likely used? Explain your answer. c. Was random assignment likely used? Explain your answer. d. What is the independent variable and what are the levels? What is the dependent variable? e. What is the null hypothesis and what is the research hypothesis? f. What decision did the researchers make? (Respond using the language of inferential statistics.) g. If the researchers were incorrect in their decision, what kind of error did they make? Explain your answer.…arrow_forwardA researcher is interested in the impact of joining a weight loss program in the past 12 months on the individuals weight loss. The analysis is restricted to people aged 16 and older who answered yes to the question "During the past 12 months, have you tried to lose weight?" About 5% of the sample had joined a weight loss program in the past year. Below is a subset of some of the other variables included in the survey. Questions were asked about actions taken in the past 12 months. Which ones do you believe should be included as covariates? Provide a justification for your choice. Age BMI Gendere Height Average minutes of exercise per week whether they tried to eat less calories whether they tried to eat less fat whether they tried to eat less carbsarrow_forward
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