Chapter 13, Problem 17E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

There are two types of covalent bond

$\left(a\right)$ Sigma bond $\left(b\right)pi\left(\pi \right)$ bond

$\left(a\right)$ Sigma $\left(\sigma \right)$ bond: A sigma bond is a covalent bond which is formed by the head on overlap of two atomic orbitals.

$\left(b\right)$$pi\left(\pi \right)$ Bond:

A $pi\left(\pi \right)$ bond is a covalent bond which is formed by the side- to side overlap of two atomic orbitals.

Concept introduction:

$\sigma$ bond form independently while $\pi$ bond always form with $\sigma$ bond. $\sigma$ Bond is stronger than $\pi$ bond. As size of atomic orbital increase the tendency of formation of $\pi$ bond decreases.

To determine:

The reason silicon form only single bonds with oxygen, but carbon, which is in the same family as silicon, forms double bonds with oxygen in many compounds.