General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.51QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Vapor pressure of methanol and ethanol has to be calculated.

Concept introduction

Vapor pressure is the pressure which is expend by a gas above its condensed phase (either solid phase or liquid phase) and it does not depends on the system’s volume and surface of the or liquid.

The vapor pressure of a gas in a mixture is the product of the mole fraction of the gas and the total pressure.

PA=XAPtotalwhereXAisthemolefraction

A mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture is the ratio of number of moles of particular molecule to the sum of number of moles of all molecules in the mixture.

Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of two molecules can be given as:

moleculefractionofA,(χA=numbersof moles ofmolecule A(nA)total number of moles(nA+nB

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 13.51QP

Vapor pressure of ethanol is 46 mmHg

Vapor pressure of methanol is 22 mmHg

Explanation of Solution

Given data follows as:

Vapor pressure of ethanol at 20°C is 44 mmHg

Vapor pressure of methanol at 20°C is 94 mmHg

Amount of methanol in mixture is 30.0g

Amount of ethanol in mixture is 45.0g

From its given mass is,

Number of moles=GivenmassMolecularmass

Number of moles of methanol is given as:

Molecular mass of methanol is 32.04g

mole of Methanol = 30.0g ×1mol32.04g= 0.936 mol

Number of moles of ethanol is given as:

Molecular mass of ethanol is 46.07g

mole of Ethanol= 45.0g ×1mol46.07g= 0.977 mol

Equation for mole fraction of a molecule in a mixture of two molecules can be given as:

moleculefractionofA,(χA=numbersof moles ofmolecule A(nA)total number of moles(nA+nB

Mole fraction of methanol is given as:

χMethanol = 0.936 mol0.936 mol + 0.977mol= 0.489

Mole fraction of ethanol is given as:

χEthanol= 1 χMethanol=(10.489)= 0.511

From the value of mole fraction of methanol and mole fraction of ethanol can be calculated.

Equation for the vapor pressure is given as:

PA=XAPtotalwhereXAisthemolefraction

Vapor pressure of methanol and ethanol is calculated as:

PMethanol= (0.489)(94mmHg) = 46mmHg

Vapor pressure of ethanol is 46 mmHg

PEthanol= (0.511)(44mmHg) = 22 mmHg

Vapor pressure of methanol is 22 mmHg

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mole fraction of methanol and ethanol has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (χ) is mole of individual component divided by total moles of the solution.

χ =moles of one componenttotal moles of the solution

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 13.51QP

Mole fraction of methanol is 0.68

Mole fraction of ethanol is 0.32

Explanation of Solution

Given data follows as:

Vapor pressure of ethanol at 20°C is 44 mmHg

Vapor pressure of methanol at 20°C is 94 mmHg

Amount of methanol in mixture is 30.0g

Amount of ethanol in mixture is 45.0g

Mole fraction of methanol and ethanol is calculated as:

n = PV/RT and T and V are same for both vapors. Therefore number of moles of each substance is proportional to partial pressure. Then the equation for the mole fractions become as follows:

χMethanol = PMethanol  PMethanol + PEthanol 46mmHg46mmHg + 22mmHg= 0.68

Mole fraction of methanol is 0.68

From the value of mole fraction of methanol, mole fraction of ethanol has calculated.

Mole fraction of ethanol can be given as:

χEthanol= 1- χMethanol=(10.68)= 0.32

Mole fraction of ethanol is 0.32

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Chapter 13 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 2PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 4PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 3RCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 5PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 4RCCh. 13 - Prob. 13.1QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.2QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.3QPCh. 13 - 13.4 As you know, some solution processes are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.5QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.6QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.7QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.8QPCh. 13 - 13.9 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.10QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.11QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.12QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.13QPCh. 13 - 13.14 Calculate the amount of water (in grams)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.15QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.16QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.17QPCh. 13 - 12.20 For dilute aqueous solutions in which the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.19QPCh. 13 - 13.20 The concentrated sulfuric acid we use in the...Ch. 13 - 13.21 Calculate the molarity and the molality of...Ch. 13 - 13.22 The density of an aqueous solution...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.23QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.25QPCh. 13 - 13.26 The solubility of KNO3 is 155 g per 100 g of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.27QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.28QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.29QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.30QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.31QPCh. 13 - 13.32 A man bought a goldfish in a pet shop. Upon...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.33QPCh. 13 - 13.34 A miner working 260 m below sea level opened...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.35QPCh. 13 - 13.36 The solubility of N2 in blood at 37°C and at...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.37QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.38QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.39QPCh. 13 - 13.40 How is the lowering in vapor pressure...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.41QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.42QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.43QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.44QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.45QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.47QPCh. 13 - 13.48 How many grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) must...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.49QPCh. 13 - 13.50 The vapor pressures of ethanol (C2H5OH) and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.51QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.52QPCh. 13 - 13.53 What are the boiling point and freezing...Ch. 13 - 13.54 An aqueous solution contains the amino acid...Ch. 13 - 13.55 Pheromones are compounds secreted by the...Ch. 13 - 12.58 The elemental analysis of an organic solid...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.57QPCh. 13 - 13.58 A solution is prepared by condensing 4.00 L...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.59QPCh. 13 - 13.60 A solution of 2.50 g of a compound of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.61QPCh. 13 - 13.62 A solution containing 0.8330 g of a protein...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.63QPCh. 13 - 13.64 A solution of 6.85 g of a carbohydrate in...Ch. 13 - 13.65 Define ion pairs. What effect does ion-pair...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.66QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.67QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.68QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.69QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.70QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.71QPCh. 13 - 13.72 At 25°C the vapor pressure of pure water is...Ch. 13 - 13.73 Both NaCl and CaCl2 are used to melt ice on...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.74QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.75QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.76QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.77QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.78QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.79QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.80QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.81QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.82QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.83QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.84QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.85QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.86QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.87QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.88QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.89QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.90QPCh. 13 - 13.91 Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of...Ch. 13 - 13.92 Before a carbonated beverage bottle is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.93QPCh. 13 - 13.94 Explain each of these statements: (a) The...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.95QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.96QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.97QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.98QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.99QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.100QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.101QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.102QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.103QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.104QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.105SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.106SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.107SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.108SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.109SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.110SPCh. 13 - 13.111 A student carried out the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.112SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.113SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.114SP
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