Chapter 13, Problem 13.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Chemical reaction that has ${\text{β}}_{\text{4}}$ as its equilibrium constant has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Equilibrium constants required for formation of complexes is known as formation constants. These can be stepwise or overall formation constants. Stepwise formation constants are represented by $K_i$ whereas overall or cumulative formation constants are denoted by ${\text{β}}_i$. Here, $i$ indicates number of steps involved in any particular chemical reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Chemical reaction that has $K_4$ as its stepwise formation constant has to be determined. Also, numerical value of $K_4$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Equilibrium constants required for formation of complexes is known as formation constants. These can be stepwise or overall formation constants. Stepwise formation constants are represented by $K_i$ whereas overall or cumulative formation constants are denoted by ${\text{β}}_i$. Here, $i$ indicates number of steps involved in any particular chemical reaction.