Chapter 13, Problem 120E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amount of the concentrated stock solution in milliliters that should be used to make $2.5Lof0.500MHN{O}_3$ is to be calculated with the help of mass percent, molarity and density of nitric acid.

Concept introduction:

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution is called molarity.

Mathematically, molarity $\left(\text{M}\right)$ will be as follows:

$\text{M=}\frac{\text{Moles solute}}{\text{Liters solution}}$

The volume of solution should be in liters.

Mass percent is defined as number of grams of solute per 100g of solution, $\begin{array}{l}\text{Mass percent =}\frac{\text{mass solute}}{\text{mass solute+mass solvent}}\times 100\\ =\frac{\text{mass solute}}{\text{mass solution}}\times \text{ 100}\end{array}$

Mass of solution can be calculated as :

$\text{Mass}\text{}\text{of}\text{solution}=\frac{\text{mass solute}}{\text{mass percent}}\times \text{100}$.

Relation between number of moles $\left(n\right)$ and molar mass is as follows:

$n=\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}}$

Relation between density $\left(d\right)$ and volume $\left(V\right)$ is as follows:

$d=\frac{\text{mass}}{V}$