Concept explainers
(a)
To determine:
The frequency of the gray allele
Introduction:
Evolution occurs due to change in allele frequencies. The frequency of an allele is calculated as:
Explanation of Solution
It has been mentioned that there are
where,
where,
Thus, frequency of the gray allele
(b)
To determine:
The frequency of the green allele
Introduction:
According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies do not change from one generation to the next.
Explanation of Solution
(c)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are heterozygotes
Introduction:
Individuals that contain different alleles of a gene are called heterozygous. Individuals that carry two identical alleles of a gene are called homozygous. In case of homozygous individual, the identical alleles may be either dominant or recessive.
Explanation of Solution
There are
(d)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are homozygous recessive (
Introduction:
The study of population genetics is based on the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies. Some or all the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are violated in a real population.
Explanation of Solution
(e)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are homozygous dominant (
Introduction:
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows inferring characteristics of a population based on limited information. The genotype frequencies in a population can be estimated using allele frequencies.
Explanation of Solution
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Chapter 12 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
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- Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?arrow_forwardHow Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? In a population where the females have the allelic frequencies A = 0.35 and a = 0.65 and the frequencies for males are A = 0.1 and a = 0.9, how many generations will it take to reach HardyWeinberg equilibrium for both the allelic and the genotypic frequencies? Assume random mating and show the allelic and genotypic frequencies for each generation.arrow_forwardHow Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? Drawing on your newly acquired understanding of the HardyWeinberg equilibrium law, point out why the following statement is erroneous: Because most of the people in Sweden have blond hair and blue eyes, the genes for blond hair and blue eyes must be dominant in that population.arrow_forward
- How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in Populations? What are four assumptions of the HardyWeinberg law?arrow_forwardAssume that you are sampling a trait in animal populations; the trait is controlled by a single allelic pair A and a, and you can distinguish all three phenotypes AA, Aa, and aa (intermediate inheritance). Calculate the distribution of phenotypes in each population as expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Is population I in equilibrium? Is population II in equilibrium?arrow_forwardConsider a population in which the D locus has two alleles, D and d, with f(D) = 0.6 and f(d) = 0.4. What are the genotypic frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?arrow_forward
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- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning