BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 12, Problem 10WIO
Some researchers suggest that a giraffe’s long neck results from competition for foliage with other types of animals; others say it is the product of sexual selection. How might each mechanism explain how a long-necked species evolved from an ancestral population with short necks? How does each explanation compare to how Lamarck might have explained it?
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Darwin's studies of Galapagos finches are well known in the study of evolution. These studies have been instrumental in helping us understand how new species evolved from pre-existing species. Which statement is true about the speciation of the Galapagos finches?
A) The finches evolved traits to help them survive in different environments.
B) The finches had different traits that influenced the environment in which they chose to live.
C) Genetic variation occurred amongst the finches, giving some a genetic advantage in a changing environment, allowing them to better survive.
D) Members of the original population evolved in such a way that it became impossible for individuals from the two new populations to interbreed.
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This spectacular animal is a Lesser Bird of Paradise, Paradisea minor, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. In the context of various evolutionary phenomena, why do you suppose:
(a) This bird is confined to New Guinea and two nearby islands? Why would you not expect to find it in the mountains of Borneo? Explain in detail.
(b) This spectacular tail presumably attracts predators; why hasn't natural selection acted to reduce it or camouflage it? Explain in detail.
1) Darwin's studies of Galapagos finches are well known in the study of evolution. These studies have been instrumental in helping us understand how new species evolved from pre-existing species. Which statement is true about the speciation of the Galapagos finches?
A) The finches evolved traits to help them survive in different environments.
B) The finches had different traits that influenced the environment in which they chose to live.
C) Genetic variation occurred amongst the finches, giving some a genetic advantage in a changing environment, allowing them to better survive.
D) Members of the original population evolved in such a way that it became impossible for individuals from the two new populations to interbreed.
Chapter 12 Solutions
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
Ch. 12.1 - What are two ways to define evolution?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.2 - What did Darwin observe that led him to develop...Ch. 12.2 - What is modern evolutionary synthesis?Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 12.4 - Why doesnt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium occur in...Ch. 12.5 - Distinguish among directional, disruptive, and...Ch. 12.5 - How can natural selection maintain harmful alleles...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12.7 - How do mutations affect an organisms phenotype?Ch. 12.7 - South china tigers once had two color patterns...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 12 - Microevolution applies to changes that occur a....Ch. 12 - Biological evolution describes how ____ change...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 12 - What is the most accurate way to explain the...Ch. 12 - Suppose that after an environmental change, foxes...Ch. 12 - Huntington disease is caused by a rare, lethal,...Ch. 12 - A population of 100 sea stars is in Hardy-Weinberg...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12 - Darwin observed that different types of organisms...Ch. 12 - Which of the following processes is nonrandom? a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 12 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 12 - Explain how understanding evolution is important...Ch. 12 - Write a paragraph that describes the connections...Ch. 12 - Jellyfish Lake, located on the Pacific island of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 12 - Explain how harmful recessive alleles can persist...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 12 - Describe the competing selective forces acting on...Ch. 12 - Some researchers suggest that a giraffes long neck...Ch. 12 - Burning Question 12.1 explains why an organism...Ch. 12 - Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the...Ch. 12 - Describe situations in which the five mechanisms...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3PIT
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- 1) Darwin's studies of Galapagos finches are well known in the study of evolution. These studies have been instrumental in helping us understand how new species evolved from pre-existing species. Which statement is true about the speciation of the Galapagos finches? A) The finches evolved traits to help them survive in different environments. B) The finches had different traits that influenced the environment in which they chose to live. C) Genetic variation occurred amongst the finches, giving some a genetic advantage in a changing environment, allowing them to better survive. D) Members of the original population evolved in such a way that it became impossible for individuals from the two new populations to interbreed. Not gradedarrow_forwardWhile the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?arrow_forward8) Darwin's finches are often used to illustrate evolution. Evaluate the finch beaks shown in the picture. Choose ALL of the statements that correctly explain the evolution of finch beaks. A) As the environment changed, the finches grew longer beaks to allow them to get food out of fruits. Eliminate B) Finches with longer beaks settled on the same island with smaller beaked birds. Over time, they bred, producing medium beaked birds that became more common in the population. C) There are finches with different types of beaks in the population. During a drought, those with shorter beaks are not able to find sufficient food and die, leaving them unable to reproduce and pass the trait on to offspring. D) A random mutation introduced the shorter, thicker beak into the population. However, those with thinner, longer beaks were better able to get nectar from the island's flowers. Those birds with the shorter, thicker beaks were unable to get enough food to survive.…arrow_forward
- Consider figure 22.4. The following statements are true. Choose all applicable options. a) According to Lamarck, some fish species had to develop legs so that they could walk on land. This feature was passed on to the next generation. b) According to Darwin and Wallace’s model, the fish species improved by acquiring legs that permit walking on land. c) According to Lamarck, all the shown species were created independently and do not change over time. d) Darwin and Wallace proposed that some individual fish changed overtime to achieve higher fitness. Such improved features were passed on to the next generation.arrow_forwardScientists have long believed that the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands evolved from a single species of finch that migrated to the islands one to five million years ago. Recent DNA analyses support the conclusion that all of the Galapagos finches evolved from the mainland warbler finch. Different species live on different islands. One of the major changes in the finches is in their beak sizes and shapes. How would an evolutionary biologist today best answer the following question? In the finch population, what are the primary changes that occur gradually over time? A. The proportions of finches having different traits within a population change. B. The traits of each finch within a population gradually change. C. Mutations occur to meet the needs of the finches as the environment changes. D. Successful behaviors learned by the finches are passed on to offspring.arrow_forwardThe above image shows four different finches that Charles Darwin found while on the Galapagos Islands. This information led Darwin to develop the idea that organisms change, or evolve, over time. Which of these would best describe what Darwin saw as the MAJOR difference(s) between these finches? A) They all ate different food B) They all lived in different areas C) Both where they lived and what they ate were different D) Only their beak size was different and they lived together and ate the same food. Not Gradedarrow_forward
- Darwin was not the first to propose a mechanism for evolution. Lamarck proposed “acquired inheritance” in which individuals inherit those traits acquired in the lifetime of their parents (e.g., long necks). Compare Lamark’s mechanism to Darwin’s mechanism for evolution (descent with modification). As part of your answer describe how each theory is similar to the other and how each is different? Finally, Lamarck’s theory can be easily shown to be unworkable (e.g., amputees don’t have babies that are amputees meaning babies don’t inherit the acquired trait). What makes Darwin’s theory workable when compared to Lamarck’s unworkable theory.arrow_forwardAnswer the following: This spectacular animal is a Lesser Bird of Paradise, Paradisea minor, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. In the context of various evolutionary phenomena, why do you suppose: (a) This bird is confined to New Guinea and two nearby islands? Why would you not expect to find it in the mountains of Borneo? Explain in detail. (b) This spectacular tail presumably attracts predators; why hasn't natural selection acted to reduce it or camouflage it? Explain in detail.arrow_forwardA scientist used satellite images to track the natural habitats of two species of salamanders: E. eschscholtzii (shown in green) and E. klauberi (shown in brown). What type of evidence of evolution is this? *arrow_forward
- One of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forwardScientists have long believed that the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands evolved from a single species of finch that migrated to the islands one to five million years ago. Recent DNA analyses support the conclusion that all of the Galapagos finches evolved from the mainland warbler finch. Different species live on different islands. One of the major changes in the finches is in their beak sizes and shapes. How would an evolutionary biologist today best answer the following question? How did the different beak types first arise in the Galapagos finches? A. Changes in the finches' beaks occurred by chance, and when there was a good match between beak structures and available food, those birds had more offspring. B. The changes in the finches' beaks occurred because the environment induced the desired genetic changes. C. The finches' beaks changed a little bit in size and shape with each successive generation, some getting larger and some getting…arrow_forwardLamarck proposed that evolution occurs through the following basic steps: Organisms are born with certain traits. Over the course of an organism's life, these traits gradually change due to pressures in the environment. The changes that occurred during an organism's life are passed on to its young. This idea is similar to current understandings of how evolution works, but it is not quite correct. Which of the following situations is a counterexample that disproves Lamarck's proposed pattern of how evolution occurs? A. Even though the ability to fly would be useful to snakes, snakes cannot spontaneously grow wings. B. Dolphins and whales have become hairless because the fast movement of the water removes all the hair. C. A person who is a championship bodybuilder does not have children who are naturally muscular at birth.arrow_forward
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