EBK CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE
6th Edition
ISBN: 8220101459787
Author: Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 88DQ
To determine
The nature of dark matter.
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1. The current (critical) density of our universe is pe = 10-26kg/m³. Assume the universe is
filled with cubes with equal size that each contain one person of m = 100kg. What would
the length of the side of such a cube have to be in order to give the correct critical density?
How many hydrogen atoms would you need in a box of 1 m³ to reach the critical density?
The matter we know, which consists mostly of hydrogen, constitutes only 4.8% of the current
critical energy density of our universe. So how many hydrogen atoms are actually in a box
of 1 m3 in our universe? Deep space is very empty and a much better vacuum than we can
obtain on earth in a laboratory.
An astronomer observed the motions of some galaxies. Based on his observations, he made the following statements. Which one of them is most likely to be false? Take Hubble's constant to be 67 km/s/Mpc.
A. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Mpc from us.
B. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 700 km/s is at a distance of about 10 Mpc from us.
C. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 7000 km/s is at a distance of about 100 Mpc from us.
D. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70000 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Gpc from us.
Is the answer D? Thank you!
The figure below shows the spectra of two galaxies A and B.
Please can i get help with this questions below:
1. Which of these galaxies has ongoing star formation? How can you tell?2. One of these galaxies has Hubble type E3 while the other is SBb. Which is which? What does the 3 inE3 tell you about the galaxy? What does the SB in SBb tell you about the galaxy?3. What effects would dust have on the two spectra?4. Which galaxy would you expect to have more far-infrared emission? Expl
Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 5RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 6RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 7RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 8RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 9RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 10RCQ
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 12RCQCh. 12 - If a baseball were the size of Earth, about how...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 15RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 16RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 19RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 20RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 21RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 22RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 23RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 24RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 25RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 26RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 27RCQCh. 12 - Prob. 31TASCh. 12 - Prob. 32TASCh. 12 - Prob. 33TASCh. 12 - Rank the following three subatomic particles in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 35TARCh. 12 - Consider three 1-gram samples of matter: A,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37TARCh. 12 - Prob. 38TARCh. 12 - Prob. 39ECh. 12 - If all the molecules of a body remained part of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 41ECh. 12 - Prob. 42ECh. 12 - Prob. 43ECh. 12 - In what sense can you truthfully say that you are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 45ECh. 12 - Prob. 46ECh. 12 - Prob. 47ECh. 12 - Prob. 48ECh. 12 - Prob. 49ECh. 12 - Prob. 50ECh. 12 - The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom...Ch. 12 - Prob. 52ECh. 12 - Prob. 53ECh. 12 - Prob. 54ECh. 12 - Prob. 55ECh. 12 - Prob. 56ECh. 12 - Prob. 57ECh. 12 - Which is heavier: a water molecule, H2O, or a...Ch. 12 - When we breathe we inhale oxygen, O2, and exhale...Ch. 12 - Prob. 60ECh. 12 - Prob. 61ECh. 12 - Prob. 62ECh. 12 - Prob. 63ECh. 12 - Prob. 64ECh. 12 - Prob. 65ECh. 12 - Prob. 66ECh. 12 - Prob. 74ECh. 12 - Prob. 75ECh. 12 - Prob. 76ECh. 12 - Prob. 77ECh. 12 - Prob. 78ECh. 12 - Prob. 79ECh. 12 - Prob. 80ECh. 12 - Prob. 81ECh. 12 - Prob. 82ECh. 12 - Prob. 83ECh. 12 - Prob. 84ECh. 12 - Prob. 85ECh. 12 - Prob. 86ECh. 12 - Prob. 87DQCh. 12 - Prob. 88DQCh. 12 - In 2011, China was the leading producer of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 90DQCh. 12 - Prob. 1RATCh. 12 - Prob. 2RATCh. 12 - Prob. 3RATCh. 12 - Prob. 4RATCh. 12 - Prob. 5RATCh. 12 - Prob. 6RATCh. 12 - Prob. 7RATCh. 12 - Prob. 8RATCh. 12 - Prob. 9RATCh. 12 - Prob. 10RAT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Does Hubble's Law work well for galaxies in the Local Group (such as Andromeda)? No, because dark energy is accelerating the universe's expansion over those distances. No, because we do not know the precise value of Ho. No, because Hubble did not know the Local Group existed when he discovered his law. Yes, it works well for all galaxies. No, because galaxies in the Local Group are bound gravitationally together.arrow_forwardAstronomers now think that there is a black hole with more than 4 milliion times the mass of our Sun at the center of our galaxy? Roughly how large would the event horizon of such a supermassive black hole be? a. the size of our moon b. about 4 light years across c. about 17 times the size of our sun d. about the size of an atom (so much mass really compresses the event horizon) e. this question can't be answered without knowing what kind of stars were swallowed by the black holearrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Value: n = 4*1080arrow_forward
- The matter density in the Universe today is Pm = -27 kg m-3. What would 2.7 x 10 be the value of the density parameter, 2o, if the Hubble constant had the value Ho = 38 km/s/Mpc? Assume the Universe does not contain dark energy and choose the option below that best matches your answer. Select one: O a. 0.1 O b. 2. О с. 1. O d. 0.7 О е. 0.5arrow_forwardWe know that dark matter must exist in galaxies. If not, many of the stars in a galaxy would ... a.Expand and go supernova due to the expansion of the Universe b.Fly away from the galaxy because the stars’ velocities are so large, and the galaxy would not have enough gravity to hold onto them c.Orbit the center of the galaxy normally d.Spiral in toward the center of the galaxy because most of the galaxy’s mass would be toward the centerarrow_forwardHubble's First Attempt. Edwin Hubble's first attempt to measure the universe's expansion rate was flawed because the standard candles he was using were not properly calibrated. Look at (Figure 1) a.Estimate the value of Ho corresponding to the solid line in the figure. Express your answer kilometers per second per million light-years to two significant figures. b.What is the approximate age of the universe indicated by that erroneous value of Ho? Express your answer in years to one significant figure.arrow_forward
- A galaxy's rotation curve is a measure of the orbital speed of stars as a function of distance from the galaxy's centre. The fact that rotation curves are primarily flat at large galactocen- tric distances (vrot(r) ~ constant) is the most common example of why astronomer's believe dark matter exists. Let's work out why! Assuming that each star in a given galaxy has a circular orbit, we know that the accelera- tion due to gravity felt by each star is due to the mass enclosed within its orbital radius r and equal to v?/r. Here, ve is the circular orbit velocity of the star. (a) Show that the expected relationship between ve and r due to the stellar halo (p(r) xr-3.5) does not produce a flat rotation curve. (b) Show that a p(r) ∞ r¯² density profile successfully produces a flat ro- tation curve and must therefore be the general profile that dark matter follows in our galaxy.arrow_forwardYour friends are talking about Olber's Paradox: Friend 1: When the universe was quite young, it was also quite small, and therefore light was trapped inside the universe. This is why we don't see light from the edge of the universe in every direction. Friend 2: No, Olber's Paradox describes only light from stars, not from galaxies, and why you can't use light from distant stars to see at night. Friend 3: You're both right and you're both wrong. The paradox concerns itself with the expansion of the universe, and explains why light from the early universe was able to be released. Are any of them right, in part or in whole?arrow_forwardWhat happens when galaxies collide? A. Star collisions will be rare but the shapes of the galaxies will be largely distorted. B. The shapes of the galaxies will be largely distorted and many of the stars of one galaxy will collide with stars of the other galaxy. C. The shapes of the galaxies will be distorted and many stars will collide with stars of the other galaxy, as well as with other stars in the same galaxy. D. Star collisions will be rare and the two galaxies will just pass through each other without any changes. Is the answer A? Thank you!arrow_forward
- 2. A galaxy cluster has a galaxy behind it whose image we see as being smeared out and curved, with an angular radius of curvature on the sky of θE. The background galaxy is at redshift zgal and the cluster is at zclust. What is the mass of the cluster in solar masses? Give your response in scientific notation with one decimal place. (The Hubble constant is of course 70 km/s/Mpc, and you can assume the Hubble law for these low redshifts). Values: zgal = 0.11 zclust = 0.07 θE = 117.4 arcsecondsarrow_forwardWhat is “dark energy”? What is “dark matter”? Why do some scientists think it is everywhere, while Houston thinks it is a lazy crock of….?arrow_forwardWhich statement concerning black hole masses and Schwarzschild radii is not true? A. Even an object as small as you could become a black hole if there were some way to compress you to a size smaller than your Schwarzschild radius. B. The more massive the black hole, the larger the Schwarzschild radius. C. For black holes produced in massive star supernovae, Schwarzschild radii are typically a few to a few tens of kilometers. D. In a binary system with a black hole, the Schwarzschild radius depends on the distance from the black hole to the companion star.arrow_forward
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