What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 7MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Adaptive radiation is the explosion of a small number of species into a much larger number of species, that are diverse.
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Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of three of the following four factors. Select the factor that is NOT a direct consequence of adaptive radiation.
Select one:
a. Genetic drift
b. Vacant ecological niches (niches are environment "space" where a particular organism has resources required to survive and reproduce)
c. New evolutionary innovations
d. Colonization of a new region that contains suitable habitat and few competitor species
Adaptive radiation
a. is the result of enriched uranium used in power plants.
b. is the evolution of closely related species adapted to use different parts of the environment.
c. results from genetic drift.
d. is the outcome of stabilizing selection favoring the maintenance of adaptive traits.
Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations?
A.
Horizontal gene transfer would increase
B.
The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
C.
The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations.
D.
They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
E.
The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
Chapter 12 Solutions
What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- Gene flow occurs a. when individuals within a population interbreed. b. as a result of genetic drift. c. as a result of mutations in one population but not in another. d. when an individual migrates between two otherwise isolated populations of a species.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is microevolution? A. The average wing length of a single population of pigeons living in New York City decreased over a period of 150 years b. the growth and wing-size of a single population of Florida Jaybirds originally living in Destin, Florida has steadily declined and decreased over 25 years C. A woman's leg muscles increase in strength and bulk after he starts working out D. A and Barrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of gene flow? a. horizontal gene transfer b. sexual selection c. genetic drift d. mutationarrow_forward
- Arguments in favor of the overkill hypothesis of megafauna extinctions are a. Basically everywhere humans colonized, big animals went extinct b. Climate change similar to the end of the Pleistocene happened many times before, and there was no megafauna extinction c. In nearly all the Clovis kill sites in North America, mammoth or other megafauna are present d. All of the abovearrow_forwardThe average speciation rate minus the average extinction rate is which of the following? a. Mode of evolution b. Net diversification rate c. Tempo of evolution d. Speciation with gene flowarrow_forwardWhich of the following terms best describes the biological scenario where species that look similar in allopatry look different in sympatry? a. Character displacement b. Tempo c. Fusion d. Post-zygotic barriersarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is false? a. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. b. Punctuated equilibrium is unlikely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. c. Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the divergence of species. d. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment.arrow_forwardDefine a. mutation b. natural selection c. founder effect d. bottleneck e. gene flow f. nonrandom matingarrow_forwardNinety-nine percent of all the species that ever existed have gone extinct, a. serving as evidence that current extinction rates are not higher than normal. b. but most of these losses have occurred in the last 400 years. c. which argues that the world just had too many species. d. None of the choices is correct.arrow_forward
- The graph below shows the population of three different families of marine organisms along five different mass extinction events. Each colour on the graph represents a family of organisms, and the Y axis shows how many species belong to that family. a. What stage of population growth is displayed at point ‘0’ on the graph above? b. The Extinction Event that occurred at point 3 was particularly significant. Using the graph, explain how this event impacted each marine family. c. The extinction events mapped above had significant impact on marine life. What type of event could have a similar impact on the human population?arrow_forwardWhen will we consider the recent crash in species richness to be part of a 6th mass extinction event? Group of answer choices: A. When at least 75% of the existing species go extinct within a 2-million year period B. When the current rate of extinction is at least 1000 times higher than the natural background extinction rates C. When at least 90% of the existing species go extinct within a 1-million year period D. When the current rate of extinction is at least one million times higher than the natural background extinction ratesarrow_forwardSpeciation: A. is a process by which populations of one species diverge genetically and which produces one or more new species B. is the result of minor extinction events C. only results from interspecific hybridization D. is completed when two different species are able to interbreed E. always takes millions of yearsarrow_forward
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