What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319065447
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 10SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The physical features of archaea that differentiate them from bacteria.
Introduction:
Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes.
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Which of the following statements is correct for archaea?(a) Archaea resemble eukaryotes in all respects.(b) Archaea have some novel features that are absent inother prokaryotes and eukaryotes.(c) Archaea completely differ from both prokaryotes andeukaryotes.(d) Archaea completely differ from prokaryotes
Please try to break the solutions into as many steps as practically possible and the steps should come one by one and they should be short and crisp and plagiarism-free.
Identify three features that distinguish archaeal plasma membranes from those of bacteria.
In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions:
a) Outer cellular covering which includes:
Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment
Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan
Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm
b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm.
c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…
Chapter 12 Solutions
What Is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
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- One organism found in a termite’s gut is Mixotrichia paradoxa. This strange creature looks like a single-celled swimming ciliate under low magnification. However, the electron microscope reveals that it contains spherical bacteria rather than mitochondria and has on its surface, rather than cilia, hundreads and thousands of spirilla and bacilla bacteria. You are the scientists who first observed this organism. How would you describe this organism- single-celled? Aggregate? Colony? Multicellular? Can the structure of this organism give you any insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells? (Hint: the endosymbiosis hypothesis)arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions: Which cell shapes are observed members of both Bacteria and Archaea? Which are unique to bacteria? Which to archaea? Both bacteria and archaea can have S-layers. How does their use as components of the cell envelope differ? What observations about cannulae and hami suggest that they allow archaeal cells to adhere surfaces, including other cells? List three aspects of archaeal flagella and flagellar motility that are like bacterial flagella and flagellar motility. INCLUDE REFERENCES!arrow_forwardSome archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that A) form a monolayer due to the presence of diglycerol tetraethers. B) form a bilayer due to the presence of sterols. C) form a stable ring structure due to the presence of crenarchaeol. D) form a bilayer due to the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine.arrow_forward
- What is the unique cell wall component found in gram negative bacteria?arrow_forwardIf you visit a lake in the middle of the Amazon and take water samples to analyze under a microscope from a nearby university that has good instrumentation and there you detect microorganisms that are not visible to the naked eye. What studies would you do to determine if they are bacteria, archaea, fungi or protozoa? Explain each type of analysis and how would you rule out members of each group? Write at least 3 paragraphsarrow_forwardWhat is the unique cell wall component found in gram positive bacteria?arrow_forward
- Why is there a debate as to whether archaea is classified as prokaryotic or eukaryoticarrow_forwardOne way to distinguish Bacteria from Archaea is through the membrane phospholipids of Archaea, which have ____ linkages between the fatty acids and the glycerol backbone instead of _____ linkages. A) ester, ether B) ether, ester C) peptidoglycan, pseudopeptidoglycanarrow_forward1) What cell would a metabolically active form of prokaryotes?? a) living b) vegetative c) active d) sporulative e) cystic 2) Categroize the "possible answers descriptions (which are attributes and classifications)" in the image to the bacteria:arrow_forward
- Archaea and Eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than Eubacteria and Archaea are.arrow_forwardWhat distinguishes archaea from bacteria?arrow_forward4) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Fimbriae are generally longer and less numerous than flagella. B) Fimbriae are involved in genetic exchange between cells. C) Hami are common in Bacteria but not found in Archaea. D) Fimbriae are usually shorter than flagella, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange.arrow_forward
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