College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 64PE
Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of the eye by diffusing through its tear layer, which is 0.500-mm thick. How long does it take the average oxygen molecule to do this?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Insects do not have lungs as we do, nor do they breathe through their mouths. Instead, they have a system of tiny tubes, called tracheae, through which oxygen diffuses into their bodies. The tracheae begin at the surface of the insect's body and penetrate into the interior. Suppose that a tracheae is 1.83 mm long with a cross-sectional area of 1.47 x 10-9m2. The concentration of oxygen in the air outside the insect is 0.651 kg/m3, and the diffusion constant is 1.79 x 10-5 m2/s. If the mass per second of oxygen is diffusing through a trachea is 1.77 x 10-12 kg/s, then find the oxygen concentration at the interior end of the tube.
45.
Insects do not have lungs as we do, nor do they breathe through
their mouths. Instead, they have a system of tiny tubes, called tra-
cheae, through which oxygen diffuses into their bodies. The tracheae begin
at the surface of an insect's body and penetrate into the interior. Suppose
that a trachea is 1.9 mm long with a cross-sectional area of 2.1 × 10-º m².
The concentration of oxygen in the air outside the insect is 0.28 kg/m², and
the diffusion constant is 1.1 × 10-5 m²/s. If the mass per second of oxygen
diffusing through a trachea is 1.7 X 10-12 kg/s, find the oxygen concentra-
tion at the interior end of the tube.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is about 150 mm of Hg. (The partial pressure is the pressure of the oxygen alone, if all other gases were removed.) This corresponds to a concentration of 5.3 × 1024 molecules per m3. In the oxygen-depleted blood entering the pulmonary capillaries, the concentration is 1.4 × 1024 molecules per m3. The blood is separated from air in the alveoli of the lungs by a 1-μm-thick membrane. What is the rate of transfer of oxygen to the blood through the 5 × 10-9 m2 surface area of one alveolus? Give your answer in both molecules/s and μmol/s. Assume The diffusion coefficient for oxygen in tissue is 2 × 10-11 m2/s. What is the same rate of transfer in μmol/s. Give your answer to 1 significant figure.
Chapter 12 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 12 - What is the difference between flow rate and fluid...Ch. 12 - Many figures in the text show streamlines. Explain...Ch. 12 - Identify some substances that are incompressible...Ch. 12 - You can squirt water a considerably greater...Ch. 12 - Water is shot nearly vertically upward in a...Ch. 12 - Look back to Figure 12.4. Answer the following two...Ch. 12 - Give an example of entrainment not mentioned in...Ch. 12 - Many entrainment devices have a constriction,...Ch. 12 - Some chimney pipes have a T-shape, with a...Ch. 12 - Is there a limit to the height to which an...
Ch. 12 - Why is it preferable for airplanes to take off...Ch. 12 - Roofs are sometimes pushed off vertically during a...Ch. 12 - Why does a sailboat need a keel?Ch. 12 - It is dangerous to stand close to railroad tracks...Ch. 12 - Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less...Ch. 12 - A perfume bottle or atomizer sprays a fluid that...Ch. 12 - If you lower the window on a car while moving, an...Ch. 12 - Based on Bernoulli's equation, what are three...Ch. 12 - Water that has emerged from a hose into the...Ch. 12 - The old rubber boot shown in Figure 12.26 has two...Ch. 12 - Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less...Ch. 12 - Explain why the viscosity of a liquid decreases...Ch. 12 - When paddling a canoe upstream, it is wisest to...Ch. 12 - Why does flow decrease in your shower when someone...Ch. 12 - Plumbing usually includes air-filled tubes near...Ch. 12 - Doppler ultrasound can be used to the speed of...Ch. 12 - Sink drains often have a device such as that shown...Ch. 12 - Some ceiling fans have decorative wicker reeds on...Ch. 12 - What direction will a helium balloon move inside a...Ch. 12 - Will identical raindrops fall more rapidly in 5° C...Ch. 12 - If you took two marbles of different sizes, what...Ch. 12 - Why would you expect the rate of diffusion to...Ch. 12 - How are osmosis and dialysis similar? How do they...Ch. 12 - What is the average flow rate in cm3/S of gasoline...Ch. 12 - The heart of a resting adult pumps blood at a rate...Ch. 12 - Blood is pumped from the heart at a rate of 5.0...Ch. 12 - Blood is flowing through an artery of radius 2 mm...Ch. 12 - The Huka Falls on the Waikato River is one of New...Ch. 12 - A major artery with a cross-sectional area of 1.00...Ch. 12 - (a) As blood passes through the capillary bed in...Ch. 12 - The human circulation system has approximately...Ch. 12 - (a) Estimate the time it would take to fill a...Ch. 12 - The flow rate of blood through 2.00106 -m-radius...Ch. 12 - (a) What is the fluid speed in a fire hose with a...Ch. 12 - The main uptake air duct of a forced air gas...Ch. 12 - Water is moving at a velocity of 2.00 m/s through...Ch. 12 - Prove that the speed of an incompressible fluid...Ch. 12 - Water emerges straight down from a faucet with a...Ch. 12 - Unreasonable Results A mountain stream is 10.0 m...Ch. 12 - Verify that pressure has units of energy per unit...Ch. 12 - Suppose you have a wind speed gauge like the pitot...Ch. 12 - If the pressure reading of your pitot tube is 15.0...Ch. 12 - Calculate the maximum height to which water could...Ch. 12 - Every few years, winds in Boulder, Colorado,...Ch. 12 - (a) Calculate the approximate force on a square...Ch. 12 - (a) What is the pressure drop due to the Bernoulli...Ch. 12 - (a) Using Bernoulli's equation, show that the...Ch. 12 - Hoover Dam on the Colorado River is the highest...Ch. 12 - A frequently quoted rule of thumb in aircraft...Ch. 12 - The left ventricle of a resting adult's heart...Ch. 12 - A sump pump (used to drain water from the basement...Ch. 12 - (a) Calculate the retarding force due to the...Ch. 12 - What force is needed to pull one microscope slide...Ch. 12 - A glucose solution being administered with an IV...Ch. 12 - The pressure drop along a length of artery is 100...Ch. 12 - A small artery has a length of 1.1103 m and a...Ch. 12 - Fluid originally flows through a tube at a rate of...Ch. 12 - The arterioles (small arteries) leading to an...Ch. 12 - Angioplasty is a technique in which arteries...Ch. 12 - (a) Suppose a blood vessel's radius is decreased...Ch. 12 - A spherical particle falling at a terminal speed...Ch. 12 - Using the equation of the previous problem, find...Ch. 12 - A skydiver will reach a terminal velocity when the...Ch. 12 - A layer of oil 1.50 mm thick is placed between two...Ch. 12 - (a) Verify that a 19.0% decrease in laminar flow...Ch. 12 - Example 12.8 dealt with the flow of saline...Ch. 12 - When physicians diagnose arterial blockages, they...Ch. 12 - During a marathon race, a runner's blood flow...Ch. 12 - Water supplied to a house by a water main has a...Ch. 12 - An oil gusher shoots crude oil 25.0 m into the air...Ch. 12 - Concrete is pumped from a cement mixer to the...Ch. 12 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a coronary...Ch. 12 - Consider a river that spreads out in a delta...Ch. 12 - Verify that the flow of oil is laminar (barely)...Ch. 12 - Show that the Reynolds number NRis unitless by...Ch. 12 - Calculate the Reynolds numbers for the flow of...Ch. 12 - A fire hose has an inside diameter of 6.40 cm....Ch. 12 - Concrete is pumped from a cement mixer to the...Ch. 12 - At what flow rate might turbulence begin to...Ch. 12 - What is the greatest average speed of blood flow...Ch. 12 - In Take-Home Experiment: Inhalation, we measured...Ch. 12 - Gasoline is piped underground from refineries to...Ch. 12 - Assuming that blood is an ideal fluid, calculate...Ch. 12 - Unreasonable Results A fairly large garden hose...Ch. 12 - You can smell perfume very shortly after opening...Ch. 12 - What is the ratio of the average distances that...Ch. 12 - Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of the eye by...Ch. 12 - (a) Find the average time required for an oxygen...Ch. 12 - Suppose hydrogen and oxygen are diffusing through...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
1. a. Can a vector have nonzero magnitude if a component is zero? If no, why not? If yes, give an example.
b. C...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
Repeat the preceding problem if the balls collide when the center of ball 1 is at the origin and the center of ...
University Physics Volume 1
Suppose that the electric field of an isolated point charge were proportional to 1/r2+ rather than 1/r2 . Deter...
University Physics Volume 2
The force, when you push against a wall with your fingers, they bend.
Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
13. (II) How fast (in rpm) must a centrifuge rotate if a particle 8.0 cm from the axis of rotation is to experi...
Physics: Principles with Applications
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 2arrow_forwardThe thickness of the membrane that surrounds an alveolar sac is 300 µm. How long does it take (ms) for a molecule of oxygen to cross from one side of the alveolar sac to the other? Assume of 2.5*10^-6 m^2/s for O2 in the barrier. Assume 3d diffusion.arrow_forwardThe most dangerous particles in polluted air are those with diameters less than 2.5 μm because they can penetrate deeply into the lungs. A 15-cm-tall closed container holds a sample of polluted air containing many spherical particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm and a mass of 2.6 x 10-14 kg. How long does it take for all of the particles to settle to the bottom of the container?arrow_forward
- In the lungs, the respiratory membrane separates tiny sacs of air (absolute pressure=1.00x105 Pa) from the blood in the capillaries. These sacs are called alveoli, and it is from them that oxygen enters the blood. The average radius of the alveoli is 0.125 mm, and the air inside contains 14% oxygen, which is somewhat smaller amount than in fresh air. Assuming that the air behaves as an ideal gas at body temperature (310 K), find the number of oxygen molecules in one of the sacs.arrow_forwardIn the lungs, a thin respiratory membrane separates tiny sacs of air from the blood in the capillaries at atmospheric pressure. These sacs are called alveoli (spherical shape), and it is from them that oxygen enters the blood. The diameter of the alveoli is 0.25 mm, and the air inside contains 14% oxygen. If the air behaves as an ideal gas at body temperature of 37 °C, find the number of oxygen molecules in one of the sacs?arrow_forwardA deep-sea diver should breathe a gas mixture that has the same oxygen partial pressure as at sea level, where dry air contains 20.9% oxygen and has a total pressure of 1.01×105 N/m2 . (a) What is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?(b) If the diver breathes a gas mixture at a pressure of 2.00×106 N/m2 , what percent oxygen should it be to have the same oxygen partial pressure as at sea level?arrow_forward
- For divers going to great depths, the composition of the air in the tank must be modified. The ideal composition is to have approximately the same number of O2 molecules per unit volume as in surface air (to avoid oxygen poisoning), and to use helium instead of nitrogen for the remainder of the gas (to avoid nitrogen narcosis, which results from nitrogen dissolving in the bloodstream). Of the molecules in dry surface air, 78.0% are N2, 21.0% are O2, and 1.00% are Ar. (Assume that the density of seawater is 1025 kg/m3 and the temperature is 20.0°C.) Density of dry air at 20.0°C is 1.20 kg/m3. Molar mass of N2 is 14.007 g/mol, O2 is 15.999 g/mol, and Ar is 39.948 g/mol. For a diver going to a depth of 141 m, what percentage of the gas molecules in the tank should be O2?arrow_forwardB5arrow_forwardDuring inhalation, a person's diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the chest cavity and lowering the internal air pressure below ambient so that air flows in through the mouth and nose to the lungs. Suppose a person's lungs hold 1220 mL of air at a pressure of 1.00 atm. If they expand their chest cavity by 485 mL while keeping their nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, what will be the air pressure in their lungs in atm? Assume the air temperature remains constant. atmarrow_forward
- During inhalation, a person's diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the chest cavity and lowering the internal air pressure below ambient so that air flows in through the mouth and nose to the lungs. Suppose a person's lungs hold 1290 mL of air at a pressure of 1.00 atm. If they expand their chest cavity by 465 mL while keeping their nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, what will be the air pressure in their lungs in atm? Assume the air temperature remains constant. HINT atmarrow_forwardDuring inhalation, a person's diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the chest cavity and lowering the internal air pressure below ambient so that air flows in through the mouth and nose to the lungs. Suppose a person's lungs hold 1220 mL of air at a pressure of 1.00 atm. If they expand their chest cavity by 530 mL while keeping their nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, what will be the air pressure in their lungs in atm? Assume the air temperature remains constant. HINT atm Need Help? Read It Watch Itarrow_forwardDuring inhalation, a person’s diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the chest cavity and lowering the internal air pressure below ambient so that air flows in through the mouth and nose to the lungs. Suppose a person’s lungs hold 1250 mL of air at a pressure of 1.00 atm. If the person expands the chest cavity by 525 mL while keeping the nose and mouth closed so that no air is inhaled, what will be the air pressure in the lungs in atm? Assume the air temperature remains constant.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College