Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 5WWTS
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials lower the threshold of a neuron and thus make it easier to stimulate.
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During the relative refractory period of a neuron, a second action potential is less likely, but not impossible, because:
the amount of depolarization required to reach threshold has decreased
the amount of depolarization required to reach threshold has increased
the threshold value has decreased
the threshold value has increased
Immediately after the repolarization phase of an action potential, the neuronal membrane is temporarily unable to respond to the stimulation of a second action potential, a phenomenon referred to as the refractory period. What is the mechanistic basis for the refractory period?
An action potential can only be propagated along a myelinated axon.
True or False?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 12.1 - What is a receptor? Give two examples of...Ch. 12.1 - Distinguish between the central and peripheral...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 12.1 - What the nervous and endocrine systems have in...Ch. 12.1 - Three fundamental functions of the nervous system;...Ch. 12.1 - Differences between the central nervous system...Ch. 12.1 - The autonomic nervous system and its two divisionsCh. 12.2 - Sketch a multipolar neuron and label its...Ch. 12.2 - Explain the differences between a sensory neuron,...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6BYGO
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 12.2 - Three fundamental physiological properties of...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 12.2 - Ways in winch neurons transport substances between...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 12.3 - Six kinds of neuroglia; the structure and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.3 - The regeneration of a damaged nerve fiber; the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 12.4 - What an electrical current is, and how sodium ions...Ch. 12.4 - How stimulation of a neuron generates a local...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 12.4 - How one action potential triggers another; how the...Ch. 12.4 - Saltatory conduction in a myelinated nerve fiber,...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 12.5 - Excitatory synapses; how acetylcholine and...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 12.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23BYGOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 12.6 - Contrast serial and parallel processing and...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 12.6 - Explain how long-term potentiation and long-term...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 12.6 - How a postsynaptic neurons decision to fire...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 12.6 - Mechanisms of presynaptic facilitation and...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 12.6 - The meanings of neural pool and neural circuitCh. 12.6 - The difference between a neurons discharge zone...Ch. 12.6 - Diverging, converging, reverberating, and parallel...Ch. 12.6 - The difference between serial and parallel...Ch. 12.6 - The cellular basis of memory; what memory consists...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 12 - The integrative functions of the nervous system...Ch. 12 - The highest density of voltage-gated ion channels...Ch. 12 - The soma of a mature neuron lacks a. a nucleus. b....Ch. 12 - The glial cells that fight infections in the CNS...Ch. 12 - Posttetanic potentiation of a synapse increases...Ch. 12 - An IPSP is_____of the postsynaptic neuron. a. a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 12 - A myelinated nerve fiber can produce action...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 12 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 12 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 12 - Excitatory postsynaptic potentials lower the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 12 - Myelinated nerve fibers conduct signals more...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 12 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 12 - Schizophrenia is sometimes treated with drugs such...Ch. 12 - Hyperkalemia is an excess of potassium ill the...Ch. 12 - Suppose a poison were to slow down the Na+-K+...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardDefine an action potential.arrow_forwardWhen action potentials arrive at a synapse between a neuron and another cell, they stimulate the release of molecules of a ________ that diffuse over to that cell.arrow_forward
- Draw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.arrow_forwardIf a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five different cells, and three cause EPSPs and two of them cause IPSPs, give an example of a series of depolarizations and hyperpolarizations that would result in the neuron reaching threshold.arrow_forwardBecause the long axons of neurons look like electrical wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, it is tempting to equate the two. Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they conduct. Please include references.arrow_forward
- starting with an axon that is maintaining a resting potential, describe the sequence of events that causes the generation of an action potential, including the electrical charges and ions involved.arrow_forwardResting potential is a balance across the axon membrane between______forces moving ions out of the cell and ______forces operating to keep ions in the cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would occur if a neuron was experimentally stimulated simultaneously at both ends? The action potentials would pass in the middle and travel to the opposite ends The action potentials would stop as they meet in the middle. The stronger action potential would override the weaker action potential. Summation would occur when the action potentials meet in the middle, resulting in a larger action potential.arrow_forward
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