Macroeconomics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780134896441
Author: ABEL, Andrew B., BERNANKE, Ben, CROUSHORE, Dean Darrell
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 5AP
To determine
To Evaluate: Effects on different economic variable under different condition using AD-AS model
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To fight an ongoing 10% inflation, the government makes raising wages or prices illegal.
However, the government continues to increase the money supply (and hence aggregate
demand) by 10% per year. The economy starts at full-employment output, which remains
constant.
(i).
Using the Keynesian AD-AS framework, show the effects of the government's
policies on the economy. Assume that firms meet the demand at the fixed priced
level.
After several years in which the controls have kept prices from rising, the
government declares victory over inflation and removes the controls. What
happens?
(ii).
Explain how demand-pull inflation is caused when the economy is at, or near, full employment in the form of a Keynesian diagram (with explanations).
Thank you so much for your time and effort! Please note that this is a multi part quesition!
Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model (Image normally goes here)
Part 1:Changes in which factors could cause aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What could happen to the unemployment rate? What could happen to the inflation rate?
Part 2: The Keynesian AD-AS model describes what happens with price levels when aggregate demand increases. Could you find any evidence from the last ten-fifteen years that might support AD-AS model descriptions of demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, and recession? For example, you could find data on the GDP’s of any two countries from 2000 to 2017 to support your findings.
Please note the followong for the next 3 parts of this. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length of time when both input prices and output prices are fixed. In the short-run, input prices are fixed but output prices are variable. In the long run, input prices and…
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- The figure below is a part of the AD-AS model as a description of the current situation of an economy. PA=$10 P YA=4000 Y a) Find the short-run equilibrium (i.e. the real output and the price level thereof) of this economy. b) If the natural level of output is 3500, which one will be higher, the unemployment rate at point A, or the natural unemployment rate? Explain. c) Give two reasons as to why the short-run aggregate supply is upward sloping. d) Suppose the government takes no action about the situation indicated above. Explain, with the help of a figure properly labeled, what will happen in this economy in the long run. e) Describe the two kinds of macroeconomic policies that can be used in the situation described before part c). Indicate clearly in your description whether each policy is to the aggregate demand or aggregate supply or Further, give reason(s) as to why the government may want to use these policies rather than doing nothing.arrow_forwardEconomics Refer to the above graph. Assume that the economy is initially at equilibrium at point A. If there is cost-push inflation in this economy such that AS1 shifts to AS2 and government does not take any corrective actions, then in the long run the equilibrium will be at point: 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) Darrow_forwardComplete the sentences with the correct term. Some options can be used more than once, and some may not be used at all. Cost-push inflation occurs when decreases until equilibrium output falls below the full employment level. Answer Bank As a result, the increases. aggregate price level One possible cause of cost-push inflation is an increase in imports cost of inputs To combat falling aggregate output, the government may introduce policies to increase short-run aggregate supply to where it and short-run aggregate supply intersect aggregate output at the same point. cost-push inflation These policies cause to return to its full employment level, aggregate demand long-run aggregate supply and the increases even further.arrow_forward
- FILL IN THE BLANKS Inflation measures the changes in the level of in the economy. Demand-pull inflation is caused by a shift in the aggregate demand curve, while cost-push inflation is caused by a shift of the aggregate supply curve. When the price level is increasing by an extremely high rate, the economy is said to be experiencing . Stagflation occurs when the economy is experiencing high inflation, high unemployment, and low at the same time. To combat inflation, the government can use contractionary monetary policy which will also lead to interest rates. Note, however, that there is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and as illustrated by the Philips Curve. Inflation is stable when the unemployment rate is equal to the rate of unemployment.arrow_forwardIntroduction to Macroeconomics: End of Chapter Problem 18. According to By the Numbers, the personal savings rate trended upward during the last five economic recessions. Personal savings might increase during a recession because of high unemployment and income anxiety. an increase in interest rates. an increase in the prices of the products. an increase in per capita income. Anna Graham is the new Treasury Secretary, and she is trying to interpret some inflation measures. In year one, the aggregate price level increased by 7% and in year two, the aggregate price level decreased by 1%. Which statement accurately characterizes the changes in the nation's price level? O In year one, the economy is experiencing inflation. In year two, the economy is also experiencing inflation. O In year one, the economy is experiencing inflation. In year two, the economy is experiencing deflation. In year one, the economy is experiencing deflation. In year two, the economy is experiencing disinflation.…arrow_forwardFigure 1: Hayek’s (Classical) AD-AS Model Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate Demand. Retrieved from http://economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate_demand.html Hayek says that markets will heal themselves and that government should not intervene. How does the AD-AS model reflect Hayek’s idea that governments cannot increase real GDP beyond the level that the free market economy is able to produce? Do you believe that the Hayek’s classical AD-AS model explain the factors that cause changes (shifts) in AS realistically? Why or why not? Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate supply. Retrieved from http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate+supply.html 2.1. In Figure 2 above, what are the factors that may cause the aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What is the difference between demand pull inflation, cost push inflation and recession? 2.2. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length…arrow_forward
- The graph shows an aggregate demand curve. Draw a curve that shows the effect on aggregate demand of an increase in the expected future inflation rate. Label it. 140- 130- 120- 110- 100- 90- Price level (GDP deflator, 2009=100) AD 99 80+ 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 Real GDP (trillions of 2009 dollars)arrow_forwardA Keynesian economy is described by the following equations. Consumption Cd = 250 + 0.5(Y - T) - 250r Investment Id = 250 - 250r Government purchases G = 300 Government taxes T = 300 Real money demand L = 0.5Y - 500r + πe Money supply M = 3000 Full-employment output Y = 1250 Expected inflation πe = 0 (HINT a: The expected rate of inflation is assumed to equal zero so that money demand depends directly on the real interest rate, which equals the nominal interest rate. Domestic Savings, Sd =Y - C - G. In equilibrium set domestic savings equal to domestic investment, so Sd = Id) Calculate the values of the real interest rate (r), consumption (Cd), and investment (Id) for the economy in general equilibrium.arrow_forwardIf the marginal propensity to consume is zero, a temporary tax increase leads to a small decreasein inflation in the short run but a large decrease in inflation in the long run.Answer True or False. Remember to include your explanationarrow_forward
- Suppose that the short-run aggregate supply curve is: π= 2 + 1.5 (Y-10), where it is inflation and Y is output; and the aggregate demand curve is: Y= 11 -0.5. Find the equilibrium output and the equilibrium inflation rate.arrow_forwardDemand–pull inflation occurs when increases until equilibrium output exceeds the full employment level.arrow_forwardTwo potential causes of inflation above target in the AD-AS model: Demand-pull inflation: This occurs when aggregate demand (AD) increases more than the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS). In the AD-AS diagram, this would be represented by a rightward shift of the AD curve. The result is a higher price level and real GDP beyond the long-run macroeconomic equilibrium level. Cost-push inflation: This occurs when the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve shifts to the left due to increased production costs, such as rising wages or input prices. In the AD-AS diagram, this would be represented by a leftward shift of the SRAS curve. The result is a higher price level and a reduction in real GDP. how do i graph this information in an ad-as diagramarrow_forward
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