Pearson eText Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780136874089
Author: Frederic Martini, Judi Nath
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 12, Problem 4RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
“Microglia” are the small phagocytic cells present in the central nervous system. They differentiate and originate from the mesodermal stem cells that produce monocytes and macrophages. They migrate and penetrate through the nervous system in the brain.
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Mr. Harrison is an 82-year-old bedridden gentleman who has discovered a new interest in learning about his body. While being tended by the visiting nurse, he remarks that the supporting cells in nervous tissue (such as Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes) act like the rubber coating around household wiring. What does he mean by this analogy?
Match the neuroglia with the correct function:
A. Satellite cells
B. Schwann Cells
C. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal
E. Microglia
F. Astrocytes
1. Cells that produce the myelin in the PNS.
2. Cells that produce myelin in the CNS
3. Phagocytes that dispose debris like dead brain cells and bacteria
4. Anchors and braces neurons with cellular projections
5. Cells have cilia that help circulate the cerebrospinal fluid
6. Cells help cushion and protect neurons in the PNS
7. Cells serve as a medium for diffusion between capillaries and neurons
8. Cells line cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Match the types of neuroglia to their functions. (1) ependymal cells (2) oligodendrocytes (3) astrocytes (4) Schwann cells (5) microglial cells A. form a myelin sheath around peripheral nerves B. phagocytize cellular debris and bacteria C. line inner parts of ventricles and spinal cord D. form scar tissue and regulate ion and nutrient concentrations in the CNS E. form a myelin sheath around neurons in the CNS
Chapter 12 Solutions
Pearson eText Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 12 - Describe the three anatomical divisions of the...Ch. 12 - Describe the two functional divisions of the...Ch. 12 - Identify the two components of the efferent...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4CPCh. 12 - Name the structural components of a typical...Ch. 12 - Classify neurons according to their structure.Ch. 12 - Classify neurons according to their function.Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12CPCh. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - What effect would decreasing the concentration of...Ch. 12 - Define action potential.Ch. 12 - Identify the steps involved in the generation and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17CPCh. 12 - Which of the following axons is myelinated: one...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19CPCh. 12 - Prob. 20CPCh. 12 - What effect would blocking voltage-gated calcium...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22CPCh. 12 - Prob. 23CPCh. 12 - Prob. 24CPCh. 12 - Prob. 25CPCh. 12 - Prob. 26CPCh. 12 - Prob. 27CPCh. 12 - LEVEL 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms 1. Label the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - The neural cells responsible for the analysis of...Ch. 12 - Depolarization of a neuron plasma membrane will...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Receptors that bind acetylcholine at the...Ch. 12 - What are the major components of (a) the central...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RQCh. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - If the resting membrane potential of a neuron is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13RQCh. 12 - What is the difference between anterograde flow...Ch. 12 - What is the functional difference among chemically...Ch. 12 - State the all-or-none principle cf action...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 12 - Describe the events that occur during nerve...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Prob. 22RQCh. 12 - Prob. 23RQCh. 12 - In multiple sclerosis, there is intermittent and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 25RQCh. 12 - Which cells of the CNS are targeted by the polio...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CC
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- A new drug is developed that prevents the demyelination occurring in the progress of multiple sclerosis. The drug protects the cells responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system. These cells are most likely which of the following? (A) Astrocyte (B) Ependymal cell (C) Microglial cell Oligodendrocyte (E) Schwann cellarrow_forwardNeurons typically receive information at structures called Question 1 options: A) Myelin B) Dendrites C) Neuroglia D) Axons E) Axon hillocksarrow_forwardName and describe six types of neuroglia.arrow_forward
- Match cells and function : Oligodendrocyte , Astrocytes 1. .......................... enhances the velocity of electrical transmission of an action potential along an axon in the CNS. 2. .......................... glial cells act locally to maintain normal electrolyte composition of the cerebrospinal fluid.arrow_forwardMyelin in the CNS is produced by (a) astrocytes, (b) microglial cells, (c) oligodendrocytes, (d) ependymal cells.arrow_forwarda) How does E allow faster transmission of signals? b) What would happen if G has a lack of Calcium? c) Most neurons have the style of junction (chemical) shown in the diagram, rather than gap (electrical) junctions. Why does this make sense?arrow_forward
- 2) myelin sheaths are axons located within the central nervous system are formed by which of the following? a) oligodendrocytes b) microglia c) Schwann cells d) Astrocytesarrow_forwardWhat is Neuroglia ?arrow_forward51) the somatic and autonomic nervous system differ in all of the following except......? a) target organ responses to their neurotransmitter b) their effectors c) regulation of activity by higher brain centers d) their efferent pathways and gangliaarrow_forward
- 15) The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. Which of the following cells is most responsible for this? a) astrocytes b) Schwann cells c) oligodendrocytes d) satellite cellsarrow_forwardWhich CNS neuroglia function as phagocytes?arrow_forward(a) Describe the composition and function of the cell body. (b) How are axons and dendrites alike? In what ways (structurally and functionally) do they differ?arrow_forward
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