Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 4AQ
Describe how you could recode Escherichia coli to produce novel proteins containing more than the standard 22 amino acids.
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You take 10 ml of a stock solution, which is at a concentration of 1000 phage/ml, and dilute it to a total of 100 ml. From the resulting solution you take 5 ml and dilute it to 25 ml, and from the latter you take 5 ml and make a total of 20 ml.
a) It will be possible to know how many bacteriophage particles there will be in 1 ml of the last solution
b) What is the dilution factor in each step, in the same order in which the dilutions are made?
c) What is the total serial dilution factor?
b. Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below:
ornithine
citrulline
arginine
NH
H2N
H2N
OH
H2N
HO
HO
NH2
NH2
ÑH2
Enzyme A
Enzyme B
Enzyme C
↑
↑
Gene A
Gene B
Gene C
Suppose I have a neurospora strain that has a mutation such that it will not grow unless I
supplement the media (food) with arginine (but not with citrulline or ornithine). What gene
is mutated? Explain your reasoning.
C. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a
different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but
not ornithine supplements. Assming genes A, B and C are unlinked and there is only one
mutation per strain:
i) What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine?
ii) What percentage on citrulline?
iii) What percentage on arginine?
Show your work for i), ii) and iii). |
Results from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - Why is a primer needed at each end of the DNA...Ch. 12.1 - How does RT-PCR differ from traditional PCR?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.1 - Describe the basic principles of gene...Ch. 12.2 - What is the purpose of molecular cloning?Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.3 - How can the bacteriophage T7 promoter be used to...Ch. 12.3 - What major advantage does cloning mammalian genes...
Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.4 - How can site-directed mutagenesis be useful to...Ch. 12.4 - What is used to alter more than a few base pairs...Ch. 12.4 - What are knockout mutations?Ch. 12.4 - What does site-directed mutagenesis allow you to...Ch. 12.5 - What is a reporter gene? The product of which...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.5 - Describe two widely used reporter genes.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.7 - Give an example of a genetically modified plant...Ch. 12.7 - How have transgenic salmon been engineered to...Ch. 12.7 - What is the Ti plasmid and how has it been of use...Ch. 12.8 - Explain why recombinant vaccines might be safer...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.8 - What is a subunit vaccine and why are subunit...Ch. 12.9 - Explain why metagenomic cloning gives large...Ch. 12.9 - What types of environments are often sampled to...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.9 - How has metagenomics been used to find novel...Ch. 12.10 - How has Caldicellulosiruptor been modified to...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.10 - What has been the limiting factor in engineering...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.11 - What are biobricks?Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.11 - How was Escherichia coli modified to produce a...Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.12 - How is recombinant DNA inserted into a genome...Ch. 12.12 - How has the CRISPR editing technology been applied...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 12.13 - How can a tRNA be engineered to encode for a...Ch. 12.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.13 - What are some mechanisms for controlling a...Ch. 12 - Suppose you have just determined the DNA base...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AQCh. 12 - Prob. 3AQCh. 12 - Describe how you could recode Escherichia coli to...
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- Write a result paragraph of the isolation and purification of bacteriophage with E. coli Top10 with the following results: At 10^-1 to 10^-3 no plaques were formed. At 10^-4 too numerous plaques were formed. At 10^-5, 10^-6 and 10^-7 countable plates of 22, 7 and 1 respectively. At 10^-8 and 10^-9 no plaques formed but present of host bacteria.arrow_forwardThe synthesis of arginine by Nuerospora was determined by examining a number of mutant strains that were unable to synthesize the compound. Use the table of bacterial growth below to 1) determine the correct sequence of the synthesis pathway and 2) where in the synthesis pathway each mutation interrupts the synthesis. A “+" indicates growth. Nothing added to Succinate Ornithine added Strain Cirtulline Arginine Added added added growth medium Wild Mutant 1 Mutant 2 Mutant 3 Mutant 4arrow_forward1.) Your roommate has noticed that you now spend most of your time studying microbiology and has become curious about the subject. She asks you to explain in the simplest possible way how prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes. What do you tell her? 2.) In the advent of COVID-19, what physical method and chemical agent do you think is the most effective method in controlling the spread of the disease? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- 1. Which of the following bacterial species is not naturally competent? A) Bacillus subtilis В) Наеторhilus influenzae C) Escherichia coli D) Streptococcus рпеuтoniae 2. Bacterial species which are not naturally competent can be made competent in the laboratory by using a combination of metal ions and temperature changes. A) true B) false 3. If 10 ng of plasmid DNA yielded 10,000 transformants per milliliter (mL), the transformation efficiency is: A) 105 В) 105 C) 107 D) 105 4. Under optimal conditions, all the bacterial cells in a sample can be transformed. A) true B) false 5. The plasmid called pGal, carries a gene encoding the enzyme beta-galactosidase. What is the natural function of this enzyme? A) It protects cells from a specific type of antibiotic. B) It hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose. C) It is involved in plasmid replication. D) It is necessary for transformation. 6. The pGal plasmid also carries a gene designated as amp". What is the function of this gene? A) It protects…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT characteristic of the glycocalyx found in bacteria? Select one: A) a structure that can be visualized using an acidic negative stain and a basic counterstain B) creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria from attaching to surfaces C) if firmly attached, contributes to bacterial virulence D) a viscous coating surrounding the cell made of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or botharrow_forwardYou have isolated a strain of E.coli that is resistant to penicillin,streptomycin,chloramphenicol and tetracycline. You also observe that when you mix this strain with a strain that is sensitive to all four antibiotics, the new strain becomes resistant to streptomycin,penicillin and chloramphenicol but not tetracycline. Explain how this is so?arrow_forward
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