Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 2.1P
To determine
Breaking up
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Students have asked these similar questions
Q1
In many countries, the government chooses to "internalize" the monopoly by owning
monopoly providers of goods and services. Monopoly is one of the market structures in
Malaysia. It is characterized by the ability of one seller to gain high profits. In a place where
a monopoly operates, it is hard for other firms to start. An example of monopolies Malaysia
GLCS are Telekom Malaysia, TNB and etc. (In some cases, these firms are "nationalized,"
and the government actually buys or confiscates firms that operate in monopoly markets).
(a)
Explain TWO (2) advantages and disadvantages of such an approach above to
ensure that the "best interest of society" is promoted in these monopoly markets.
(b)
Economists however would prefer a private ownership of monopoly rather than a
public ownership of monopoly.
The Clayton Act of 1914 classifies several business practices as illegal, including price discrimination and tying contracts, if they "substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly."
The Clayton Act of 1914 is an example of which of the following?
Price regulations or Antitrust laws
There are claims saying that free flow of trade prevents monopoly. However, free flow of trade may cause monopoly through predatory pricing. For instance, a foreign industry may dump its goods in a country with free flow of goods strategy. Thus, it forces other rivals out of the market, and will get a monopoly position.
Please provide a counter-argument for the above claim
Chapter 12 Solutions
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- natural monopoly is of adding an additional customer is very low. An example of a With natural monopolies, because of one producer can serve the entire market more efficiently than a number of smaller producers. An example of a monopoly that arises due to control of physical resources is A gives the inventor the exclusive legal right to make, use, or sell the invention for a limited time. In the United States, exclusive patent rights last for A trademark is an identifying symbol or name for a particular good, like Chiquita bananas. A "is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States for 'original works of authorship’ including literary, dramatic, musical, architectural, cartographic, choreographic, pantomimic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, and audiovisual creations." intellectual property. Taken together, we call the combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and Close Window Save and Submit Save All Answers Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save…arrow_forwardThe three graphs below illustrate the market for electricity. The distribution of electricity is a natural monopoly; therefore, to take advantage of lower production costs, it is efficient to have only one firm in the market. Unfortunately, if a monopoly were allowed to provide electricity, it would charge a higher price and provide a smaller amount of electricity than would be desirable. In other words, the unregulated monopoly would charge the monopoly's profit-maximizing price. To avoid this, the government will allow a single firm to provide electricity, but the government will regulate the price. Let’s compare possible regulatory solutions.arrow_forwardIn 1980, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Jimmy Carter imposed a grain embargo prohibiting the sale of American grain to the Soviet Union. The Soviets adapted and got grain from elsewhere. The Chinese, in response to Trump’s tariffs, stopped buying U.S. soybeans, getting them instead from Brazil. There is little evidence that such embargoes put any real economic pressure on their targets. When a government embargoes the products of another country what other, potentially unintended and/or negative consequences could you imagine from that act? (100 words maximum)arrow_forward
- Suppose that many similar price-taking consumers have a single good (candy bars). Jane has a monopoly in wood, so she can set prices. Assume that no production is possible. Using an Edgeworth box, illustrate the monopoly optimum and show that it does not lie on the contract curve (that is, it isn't Pareto efficient).arrow_forwardIn this question, you will discuss the general case of positive externalities in a monopolist’s presence. what is the impact of a monopolist’s presence on a market without positive externalities? Does monopolist hurt the overall social gain (i.e., total surplus or total welfare)? Please explain. Could a monopolist improve the competitive market outcome for a good or a service with positive externalities (and no government intervention to correct it)? Why or why not? Please explain.arrow_forwardTypically the model of Monopoly predicts that all customers are charged the same price and that the monopolist selects the quantity and price combination from the market demand curve that maximizes profit. However, there are times where a monopolist may at least attempt to charge different prices for the exact same product depending on each consumer's willingness and ability to pay. In this case the monopolist might offer the product at a lower price to those who would otherwise not buy it, thus increasing quantity consumed in the market and reducing some of what is called the dead weight loss of monopoly. However, much of what is called "consumer surplus" is transferred to the monopolist as profit.arrow_forward
- Assume the graph represents the market for a monopolist. What quantity will the monopolist produce, and what price will she charge? What will her total revenue, costs, and profit be at this level of production? What will the deadweight loss for society be at this level of production? (Assume the MC curve is a straight line between the relevant points for this calculation.)arrow_forwardUsing the Monopoly model, show using diagrams how a monopolist may sustain abnormal profits for the indefinite future. Should the competition commission litigate against firms who have a dominant market position? In your answer, make sure you use a diagram, list the assumptions for the model, and give examples of real world markets that may be dominated by monopolists. The diagram used should be your own and not taken from another source.arrow_forwardA patent effectively allows a firm to operate as a monopoly while the patent is in effect. Some people argue that the market power created by patents harms consumers and shouldn't be granted. Others argue that patents are needed to encourage research and innovation. You can read the article from Forbes to learn more about the history and policy surrounding patents. Classify the arguments below as either arguments for patents or arguments against patents. Arguments For Patents Arguments Against Patents Answer Bank prevents free-riding encourages higher prices for consumers prevents competition in the market research results in a positive externality for society leads to an ineffient level of productionarrow_forward
- Suppose a local cable company provides cable service to a rural community. The figure to the right illustrates the cable company's marginal cost of providing cable service along with the community's demand for cable TV. Assume the local cable company is a monopoly. When the company maximizes profits, consumer surplus equals $ (enter a numeric response using a real number rounded to one decimal place), and producer surplus equals $ Compared to the perfectly competitive market outcome, the cable company creates dead weight loss equal to $ Price and cost (dollars per cable subscription) 120- 110- 100- 90- 80- 70- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- to 10 20 MR D 30 40 50 60 70 80 Quantity of cable subscriptions MC 90 100 ONarrow_forwardMonopolists, unlike competitive firms, have some market power. A monopolist can increase price, within limits, without the quantity demanded falling to zero. The main way it retains its market power is through barriers to entry-that is, other companies cannot enter the market to create competition in that particular industry. Complete the following table by indicating which barrier to entry appropriately explains why a monopoly exists in each scenario. Barriers to Entry Scenario During most of the 1900s, the De Beers Group of South Africa was viewed as a monopoly because it controlled a large percentage of diamond production and sales. In the natural gas industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. In other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary pipes and hoses makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market. In an imaginary country, there is only one federally licensed lottery agency in any…arrow_forwardOn the monopoly graph, use the black points (plus symbol) to shade the area that represents the loss of welfare, or deadweight loss, caused by a monopoly. That is, show the area that was formerly part of total surplus and now does not accrue to anybody. Deadweight loss occurs when a market is controlled by a monopoly because the resulting equilibrium is different from the (efficient) competitive outcome. In the following table, enter the price and quantity that would arise in a competitive market; then enter the profit-maximizing price and quantity t would be chosen if a monopolist controlled this market. Market Structure Price (Dollars) Quantity (Gyros) Competitive Monopoly Given the summary table of the two different market structures, you can infer that, in general, the price is lower under a and the quantity is lower under aarrow_forward
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