The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Introduction: When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow. The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 19CP

Summary Introduction

To review:

The similarities and differences between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials.

Introduction:

When the nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulb of a neuron, the voltage-gated calcium channels open. It forces the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles that contain the neuron from the pre-synaptic end of an axon. When a neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle, it binds to its specific receptors present on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This binding opens the ligand-gated channels, through which the ions flow.

The flow of ions changes the voltage across the cell membrane and this alteration is known as postsynaptic potential. On the basis of the ions involved, the depolarization and hyperpolarization occur, that is, the sodium ions cause depolarization, whereas potassium ions, as well as chloride ions, cause hyperpolarization.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 12 - l. What is the purpose of a sensory receptor? Ch. 12 - What are the components and functions of the SNS...Ch. 12 - 3. Which subdivisions of the PNS control voluntary...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4CP Ch. 12 - 5. Describe the parts of a neuron and the...Ch. 12 - Give several examples of the structural and...Ch. 12 - 7. What is a neurolemma, and why is it important? Ch. 12 - 8. With reference to the nervous system, what is a...Ch. 12 - 9. What types of electrical signals occur in...Ch. 12 - 10. Why are voltage-gated channels important?

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