Chapter 12, Problem 12.71CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure for a carboxylic acid with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Carboxylic acid: One $\text{-OH}$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $\text{RCOOH}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure for an iodo-substituted alkene with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{5}}{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}\text{I}$ has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Haloalkenes: They are derived from alkenes in which one or more halogen is substituted and in the nomenclature halo part will be added as prefix.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure for a cyclopentane with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_7{\text{H}}_{14}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Cycloalkanes are named as alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes rather than as cycloalkyl-substituted alkanes.  There is no need to assign a number if there is one substituent on the ring.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure for an alkene containing only two methyl groups with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_8$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are the class of compounds with general formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n}}$. They have carbon-carbon double bonds in their structure.