General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.123SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Normal boiling point of trichlorosilane has to be determined. Boiling point of trichlorosilane is whether constant with the type of intermolecular forces that exist between its molecules has to be given

Concept Introduction:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation:

lnP=(ΔvapH0RT)+C

From this relationship we can calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization by knowing the corresponding temperature and pressure values.

If we have pressures at two different temperatures, then enthalpy of vaporization can be calculated by

lnP2P1=-ΔvapH0R[1T2-1T1]

Boiling point of a liquid: The temperature at which external pressure and vapor pressure of the liquid become same.

Normal boiling point: When the external pressure is 760mmHg we can call it as normal boiling point.

Intermolecular force: The attractive force that withholds two molecules is called as intermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends on molar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules with help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions.

The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Given information follows as:

Molar heat of vaporization,ΔHvap=28.8kJ/mol

Vapor pressure of trichlorosilane at 2°C is 0.258

Normal boiling point of trichlorosilane can be determined by Clausius-Clapeyron equation given below:

lnP2P1=ΔvapH0R[1T21T1]

Rearrange the equation to determine normal boiling point of trichlorosilane as follows:

1T2=RΔHvaplnP1P2+1T1P1=0.258atm,P2=1.00atmT1=2°C=271K,ΔHvap=28.8×103J/mol

Substitute the values as follows:

1T2=(8.314 J/K.mol)(28.8×103J/mol)ln(0.258atm)(1.00atm)+1(271K)=3.2989×103T2=13.2989×103=303K=(303273)°C=30°C

Normal boiling point of trichlorosilane is 30°C

Si atom of trichlorosilane (SiCl3H) is sp3 hybridized and the geometry of trichlorosilane is tetrahedral. Trichlorosilane has dipole moment and is polar. Hence, the main intermolecular force among trichlorosilane molecules is dipole-dipole interactions

Dipole-dipole interactions are weak and thus trichlorosilane is expected to have a very low consistent boiling point

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Types of crystals that SiO2 and Si form has to be given

Concept Introduction:

  • Crystalline solids have well-defined regular, compact, orderly arrangement of their components of very long range order. They are termed as true solids.
  • Ionic solids, molecular solids, covalent solids, atomic solids and metallic solids are the types of crystalline solids
  • In ionic solids, ions of opposite charges are bind together by electrostatic force and are neatly stacked to form a regular and well-defined structure. Example: KC1, Rutile.
  • Molecular solids are formed by covalent molecules which are either polar or non-polar. Molecular solids are low melting solids and poor conductors of heat and electricity whereas metallic solids are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • In Covalent solids the components are atoms bonded by covalent bond repetitively and thus forms huge network form of solid. Network solids are widely formed by group 14 elements and its compounds. Example: Diamond, graphite. They are high melting solids and poor conductors but exceptions prevail.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Silicon belongs to Group 4A. Similar to carbon atoms, silicon atoms are bonded by covalent bond repetitively and thus forms huge network form of solid.

In SiO2, oxygen and silicon atoms are bonded by covalent bond repetitively

Therefore, SiO2 and Si form covalent crystals and thus they have are high melting and boiling solids but poor conductors.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Number of silicon atoms that are there for every boron atom in the sample has to be given and to determine whether the sample satisfy the 109 purity requirement using the given data.

Concept Introduction:

Crystal structure: It is a systematic or periodic arrangement of atoms or ions in a crystalline material. It is useful to predict the properties of material.

Cubic unit cell: The smallest repeating unit in a crystal is called a unit cell.

Unit conversion:

1pm=1×1010cm

Volume of cube can be determined as follows:

V=a3where,a=edgelength

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Given information follows as:

Edge length is 543pm=543pm×1×1010cm1pm=5.43×108cm

Volume of unit cell is given as:

V=a3=(5.43×108cm)3=1.60×1022cm3

Volume of silicon unit cell is 1.60×1022cm3

Number of unit cell in 1cm3 is given as:

Numberofunitcell=1cm3×1unitcell1.60×1022cm3=6.25×1021unitcell

Number of unit cell in 1cm3 is 6.25×1021unitcell

In each unit cell, there are 8Si atoms. Therefore, the total number of silicon atoms can be given as:

Number of silicon atoms=8Siatoms1unitcell×6.25×1021unitcell=5.0×1022Siatoms

Thus, there are 5.0×1022Si atoms

There are 1.0×1013Batoms in each cm3. Thus, the purity of Si crystal is calculated as follows:

No.ofBatomsNo.ofSiatoms=1.0×10135.0×1022=2.0×1010

For electronic grade silicon, purity should be 109. Since, the purity of given silicon crystal is 2.0×1010 which is less than 109, requirement for purity is satisfied.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.1QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.2QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.3QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.6QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.7QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.8QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.9QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.10QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.11QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.12QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.13QPCh. 12 - 12.14 Diethyl ether has a boiling point of 34.5°C,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.15QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.16QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.17QPCh. 12 - 12.18 What kind of attractive forces must be...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.19QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.20QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.21QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.22QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.23QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.24QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.25QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.26QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.27QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.28QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.29QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.30QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.31QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.32QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.33QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.34QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.35QPCh. 12 - 12.36 A solid is hard, brittle, and electrically...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.37QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.38QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.39QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.40QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.41QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.44QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.46QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.47QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.48QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.49QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.50QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.51QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.52QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.53QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.54QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.55QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.56QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.57QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.58QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.59QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.60QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.61QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.62QPCh. 12 - 12.63 What is the relationship between...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.64QPCh. 12 - 12.65 Why is solid carbon dioxide called dry ice? Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.66QPCh. 12 - 12.67 Referring to Figure 12.28, estimate the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.68QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.69QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.70QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.71QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.72QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.73QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.74QPCh. 12 - 12.75 These compounds are liquid at −10°C; their...Ch. 12 - 12.76 Freeze-dried coffee is prepared by freezing...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.77QPCh. 12 - 12.78 Steam at 100°C causes more serious burns...Ch. 12 - 12.79 Vapor pressure measurements at several...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.80QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.81QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.82QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.83QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.84QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.85QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.86QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.87QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.88QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.89QPCh. 12 - 12.90 Name the kinds of attractive forces that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.91QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.92QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.93QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.94QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.95QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.96QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.97QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.98QPCh. 12 - 12.99 The liquid-vapor boundary line in the phase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.100QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.101QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.102QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.103QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.104QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.105QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.106QPCh. 12 - 12.107 The following graph shows approximate plots...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.108QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.109QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.110QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.111QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.112QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.113QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.114QPCh. 12 - 12.115 Use the concept of intermolecular forces to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.116QPCh. 12 - 12.117 What is the origin of dark spots on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.118QPCh. 12 - 12.119 The electrical conductance of copper metal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.120SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.121SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.122SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.123SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.124SPCh. 12 - 12.125 The boiling point of methanol is 65.0°C and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.126SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.127SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.128SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.129SP
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