General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 12, Problem 12.10QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular forces presented in the given moleculesbenzene (C6H6), CH3Cl, PF3, NaCl and CS2 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
  • Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
  • Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
  • Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
  • Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
  • Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.10QP

Dispersion forces are present inbenzene (C6H6).

Explanation of Solution

To determine: intermolecular forces presented inbenzene (C6H6)..

Dispersion forces are present inbenzene (C6H6).

In the benzene (C6H6) molecule,

There are C-C bonds and C-H bonds presented in benzene (C6H6) molecule. Carbon atom has more electronegativity as compared to hydrogen; so all the C-H bonds in benzene (C6H6) have polarities.

The result of all the bond polarities are the sum of all the vectors associated with each bonds.

The directions of C-H bond vectors are opposite to each other, so they cancel each other.

Hence,

The vector sum or the result of bond polarities for benzene (C6H6) molecule is zero, so benzene (C6H6) is a nonpolar molecule.

Since the benzene (C6H6) is a nonpolar molecule, it exhibit only one type of intermolecular force, which is dispersion forces.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular forces presented in the given moleculesbenzene (C6H6), CH3Cl, PF3, NaCl and CS2 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
  • Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
  • Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
  • Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
  • Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
  • Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.10QP

Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in CH3Cl.

Explanation of Solution

To determine: intermolecular forces presented in CH3Cl.

Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in CH3Cl.

The C-H bond and C-Cl bond in the CH3Cl molecule has bond polarity. So CH3Cl molecule is a polar molecule.

Polar molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.

Therefore,

Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in CH3Cl.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (C6H6), CH3Cl, PF3, NaCl and CS2 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
  • Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
  • Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
  • Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
  • Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
  • Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.10QP

Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in PF3.

Explanation of Solution

To determine: intermolecular forces presented in PF3.

Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in PF3.

The P-F bond in the PF3 molecule has bond polarity. So PF3 molecule is a polar molecule.

Polar molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.

Therefore,

Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in PF3.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (C6H6), CH3Cl, PF3, NaCl and CS2 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
  • Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
  • Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
  • Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
  • Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
  • Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.10QP

Ionic forces are present in NaCl

Explanation of Solution

To determine: intermolecular forces presented in NaCl.

Ionic forces are present in NaCl

NaCl is an ionic compound, in which Na+ and Cl ions are electrostatically attracted each other.

Therefore,

Ionic forces are present in NaCl prevalently.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (C6H6), CH3Cl, PF3, NaCl and CS2 are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
  • If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
  • Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
  • Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
  • Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
  • Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
  • Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.10QP

Dispersion forces are present in CS2

Explanation of Solution

To determine: intermolecular forces presented in CS2.

Dispersion forces are present in CS2

In CS2 molecule,

There are two C-S presented in CS2 molecule. Sulfur atom has more electronegativity as compared to carbon atom; so all the bonds in CS2 have polarities.

The result of all the bond polarities are the sum of all the vectors associated with each bonds.

The directions of C-S bond vectors are opposite to each other, so they cancel each other.

Hence,

The vector sum or the result of bond polarities for CS2 molecule is zero, so CS2 is a non-polar molecule.

Therefore,

Only dispersion forces are present in CS2.

Conclusion

The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (C6H6), CH3Cl, PF3, NaCl and CS2 are determined according to the polarities of molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Chapter 12 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12 - Prob. 12.1QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.2QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.3QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.6QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.7QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.8QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.9QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.10QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.11QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.12QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.13QPCh. 12 - 12.14 Diethyl ether has a boiling point of 34.5°C,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.15QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.16QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.17QPCh. 12 - 12.18 What kind of attractive forces must be...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.19QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.20QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.21QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.22QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.23QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.24QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.25QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.26QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.27QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.28QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.29QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.30QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.31QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.32QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.33QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.34QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.35QPCh. 12 - 12.36 A solid is hard, brittle, and electrically...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.37QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.38QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.39QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.40QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.41QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.44QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.46QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.47QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.48QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.49QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.50QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.51QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.52QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.53QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.54QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.55QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.56QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.57QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.58QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.59QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.60QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.61QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.62QPCh. 12 - 12.63 What is the relationship between...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.64QPCh. 12 - 12.65 Why is solid carbon dioxide called dry ice? Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.66QPCh. 12 - 12.67 Referring to Figure 12.28, estimate the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.68QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.69QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.70QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.71QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.72QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.73QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.74QPCh. 12 - 12.75 These compounds are liquid at −10°C; their...Ch. 12 - 12.76 Freeze-dried coffee is prepared by freezing...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.77QPCh. 12 - 12.78 Steam at 100°C causes more serious burns...Ch. 12 - 12.79 Vapor pressure measurements at several...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.80QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.81QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.82QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.83QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.84QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.85QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.86QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.87QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.88QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.89QPCh. 12 - 12.90 Name the kinds of attractive forces that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.91QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.92QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.93QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.94QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.95QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.96QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.97QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.98QPCh. 12 - 12.99 The liquid-vapor boundary line in the phase...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.100QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.101QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.102QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.103QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.104QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.105QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.106QPCh. 12 - 12.107 The following graph shows approximate plots...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.108QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.109QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.110QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.111QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.112QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.113QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.114QPCh. 12 - 12.115 Use the concept of intermolecular forces to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.116QPCh. 12 - 12.117 What is the origin of dark spots on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.118QPCh. 12 - 12.119 The electrical conductance of copper metal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.120SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.121SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.122SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.123SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.124SPCh. 12 - 12.125 The boiling point of methanol is 65.0°C and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.126SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.127SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.128SPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.129SP
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY