Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.7, Problem 2CYL
- explain why most sex-linked traits are controlled by genes on the X chromosome?
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Are males or females are more often affected by sex-linked traits? Explain why.
in humans, as well as with many other animals, sex is determined by special sex chromosomes. An individuai
containing two X chromosomes is a female, while an individual possessing an X and Y chromosome is a male. The
sex chromosomes bear alleles for traits. Sex linkage applies to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes.
These genes are considered sex-linked because their expression and inheritance patterns differ between males and
females. The genes present on the X chromosome are said to be X linked. Many more genes are present on the A
chromosome than found on the Y chromosome. Nonetheless, those genes found on the Y chromosome are said to be
Y linked. The Y chromosome is smaller than its homoloque, the X chromosome. Consequently, most of the loci
present on the X chromosome are absent on the Y chromosome.
1. In humans, hemophilia is a sex linked trait. Females can be normal, carriers, or have the disease. Males will have
the disease or not (but they won't be ever carriers)
XH…
Explain the term heterogametic sex?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - describe the relationships among chromosomes, DNA,...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.2 - distinguish between self-fertilization and...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.3 - Sudden Death on the court Many traits, in humans...Ch. 11.3 - describe the pattern of inheritance of a trait...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2TCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.5 - explain how polygenic inheritance and...Ch. 11.6 - describe how the patterns of inheritance differ...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 11.7 - explain why most sex-linked traits are controlled...Ch. 11.7 - describe the pattern of inheritance of sex-linked...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 11.8 - use pedigrees to determine the pattern of...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1ETCh. 11.8 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2ETCh. 11 - Prob. 1ACCh. 11 - An organism is described as Rr, with red coloring....Ch. 11 - In certain cattle, hair color can be red...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1MCCh. 11 - Define the following terms: gene, allele,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2ACCh. 11 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 2GPCh. 11 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 3GPCh. 11 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Genes that are present on one sex chromosome but...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4GPCh. 11 - Prob. 4MCCh. 11 - Prob. 4RQCh. 11 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 11 - Prob. 5GPCh. 11 - Prob. 5MCCh. 11 - Prob. 5RQCh. 11 - Prob. 6GPCh. 11 - Prob. 6RQCh. 11 - In the couple described in Problem 6, the woman...
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- Men have XY (or YX) chromosomes and women have XX chromosomes. X-linked recessive genetic diseases (such as juvenile retinoschisis) occur when there is a defective X chromosome that occurs without a paired X chromosome that is not defective. Represent a defective X chromosome with lowercase x, so a child with the xY or Yx pair of chromosomes will have the disease and a child with XX or XY or YX or xX or Xx will not have the disease. Each parent contributes one of the chromosomes to the child. Complete parts a through d below. a. If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a son will inherit the disease? nothing (Type an integer or a decimal. Do not round.) b. If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a daughter will inherit the disease? nothing (Type an integer or a decimal. Do not round.) c. If a mother has one defective x…arrow_forwardIn humans, as well as in many other animals and some plants, the sex of the individual is determined by sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are one pair of non-homologous chromosomes: XX represents a female, while XY represents a male. When a gene for a specific trait Is attached to the X or Y chromosome, we say it is sex-linked, and when it is attached to the X chromosome, we say it is X-linked. Alleles for these linked traits, such as hemophilia or color blindness, crosses, may be recessive or dominant. This is one possible cross (above) for the X-linked condition known as hemophilia. Which pair of parents is most likely to have a hemophiliac daughter? A) carrier mother and unaffected father B) carrier mother and hemophiliac father hemophiliac mother and a carrier father D) unaffected, non-carrier mother and hemophiliac fatherarrow_forwardThe duck-billed platypus has a unique mechanism of sex determination: females have five pairs of X chromosomes (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5) and males have five pairs of X and Y chromosomes (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5). Do you think each of the X and Y chromosome pairs in males assorts independently of other X and Y pairs during meiosis? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- In humans color vision is X-linked, the gene for color vision is located on the X chromosome but is absent on the Y chromosome. Normal color vision (XN) is dominant over colorblindness (Xn). Suppose a colorblind man fathers the children of a woman with genotype XNXN. What is the genotype of the father? What proportion of daughters will be colorblind? What proportion of the sons will be colorblind?arrow_forwardA family has an X-linked dominant form of congenital generalizedhypertrichosis (excessive hairiness). Although the allele is dominant,males are more severely affected than females. Moreover, the womenin the family often have asymmetrical, hairy patches on their bodies.How does X chromosome inactivation explain this observation?arrow_forwardA human disease known as vitamin D–resistant rickets isinherited as an X-linked dominant trait. If a male with thedisease produces children with a female who does not have thedisease, what is the expected ratio of affected and unaffectedoffspring?arrow_forward
- In organisms with the ZZ-ZW sex-determining system, from which of the following possibilities can a female inherit her Z chromosome? Yes No Her mother's mother Her mother's father Her father's mother Her father's fatherarrow_forwardDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), marked by muscular degeneration, results from an X- linked recessive gene. Thus, a female who is heterozygous for this gene and does not have the disease can be a carrier. What kind of offspring can you expect from a DMD-affected male and a carrier female? Can there be a carrier male?arrow_forwardOcular albinism is a sex-linked recessive disease carried on the X chromosome. A female carrier mates with a male with this disorder. What percentage of all of their children is predicted to be an albino female? 1) 0% 2) 25% 3) 50% 4) 75% 5) 100%arrow_forward
- Human females have two X chromosomes (XX); males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). a. With respect to X-linked alleles, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an X-linked allele, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X-linked allele, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele?arrow_forwardExplain the random nature of chromosome segregation in gameteformation, and its significance in terms of variation in traits.arrow_forwardDiscuss the process of aromatizing (how does this happen)? And why doesn't this happen in genetic females?arrow_forward
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