EP VISUAL ANAT.+PHYS.-MOD.MASTER.A+P AC
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134509099
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 11.2, Problem 1I
Summary Introduction
To describe: The changes in the neuron’s plasma membrane on membrane potential if the voltage-gated sodium ions are blocked by chemical.
Introduction: There are various types of channels present in the membrane of the neuron to induce membrane potential to action potential. The voltage-gated ion channel is one of the channels that open or close the channel according to the response of the membrane potential of the plasma membrane.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
EP VISUAL ANAT.+PHYS.-MOD.MASTER.A+P AC
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 5RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 6RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 7RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 8RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 9RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 5LOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1ICh. 11.1 - Prob. 2ICh. 11.1 - Prob. 3ICh. 11.1 - Prob. 1SRCh. 11.1 - Labeling: Label each of the structures in the...Ch. 11.1 - Labeling: Label each of the structures in the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 4SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 5SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 6SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 7SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 8SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 9SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 10SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 11SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 12SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 13SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 14SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 15SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 16SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 17SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 18SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 19SRCh. 11.1 - Prob. 20SRCh. 11.2 - Define membrane potential.
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 5RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 6RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 7RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 8RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 9RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 10RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 12RCh. 11.2 - C. Compare the absolute refractory period with the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 14RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 15RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 16RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 17RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 18RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 19RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 20RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 21RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 22RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 23RCh. 11.2 - Describe the general role of membrane potential...Ch. 11.2 - Explain how the resting membrane potential is...Ch. 11.2 - Describe the functions of gated ion channels with...Ch. 11.2 - Describe graded potentials.
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 11.2 - Describe continuous propagation and saltatory...Ch. 11.2 - Describe the general structure of synapses in the...Ch. 11.2 - Discuss the significance of postsynaptic...Ch. 11.2 - Discuss the interactions that make information...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1ICh. 11.2 - Prob. 2ICh. 11.2 - Prob. 3ICh. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Vocabulary: Write the term for each of the...Ch. 11.2 - Short answer: For the following diagram of a...Ch. 11.2 - Section integration: Guillain-Barré (ghē-YAN...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 2CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 3CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 4CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 5CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 6CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 7CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 8CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 9CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 10CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 11CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 12CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 13CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 14CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 15CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 16CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 17CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 18CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 19CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 20CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 21CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 22CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 23CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 24CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 25CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 26CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 27CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 28CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 29CRQCh. 11 - What three functional classes of neurons are found...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 32CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 33CRQCh. 11 - Prob. 1CICh. 11 - Prob. 2CICh. 11 - Prob. 3CI
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- What happens to the membrane potential inside and outside of the cell when K+ channels are open?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about voltage gated channels is true? Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a higher (more positive) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Voltage-gated sodium channels open at a lower (more negative) membrane potential than do potassium-gated channels Sodium- and postassium-gated channels open at about the same membrane potential, but they have different effects because there are different numbers of the two kinds of channels in neuron cell membranesarrow_forwardWhat kind of graded potential describes a change in membrane potential from 70 to 60 mV? From 70 to 80 mV?arrow_forward
- After an action potential has been initiated, there are two processes that prevent the membrane from remaining depolarized forever. What are these two processes? activation of ligand-gated channels activation of the Na/K pump activation of voltage-gated K+ channels activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivation of ligand-gated channels inactivation of the Na/K pump inactivation of voltage-gated K+ channels inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channelsarrow_forwardIn an experiment, the extracellular [Na+] surrounding a nerve cell was reduced from 145 to 45 mM. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this on action potentials? No action potentials would occur because the concentration of extracellular Na+ is too low. The membrane potential would become more negative so the threshold for action potential generation could not be reached. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarisation phase would be slower. The nerve cell would still produce an action potential but its amplitude would be reduced and the depolarization phase would be more rapid.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the sodium-potassium pump and a neuron's resting membrane potential? The sodium-potassium pump allows three negatively charged sodium ions out of the cell for every two negatively charged potassium ions allowed into the cell, there by keeping the cell positively charged and at a resting membrane potential The sodium-potassium pump allows three positively charged potassium ions out of the cell for every two positively charged sodium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell negatively charged and at a resting membrane potential 100 The sodium-potassium pump allows three positively charged sodium ions out of the cell for every two positively charged potassium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell negatively charged and at a resting membrane potential The sodium-potassium pump allows three negatively charged potassium ions out of the cell for every two negatively charged sodium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell…arrow_forward
- What properties of ion channels allow them to generate the large, rapid changes in membrane potential?arrow_forwardList three ways in which action potentials can be initiated in neurons?arrow_forwardMatch each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.arrow_forward
- Describe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membranearrow_forwardThe normal concentrations for intracellular and extracellular potassium in a neuron are [K+]in = 150 mM and [K+]out = 5 mM, respectively. Due to an electrolyte imbalance, a patient has the following intracellular and extracellular concentrations of potassium: [K+]in = 140 mM and [K+]out =2 mM. Using the Nernst equation (Chapter 4), calculate the equilibrium potential for potassium in the cells with normal K+ distributions and of the diseased patient. Refer back to Question #1. Will it be easier or more difficult to generate an action potential in the diseased neuron as compared to the normal neuron? Why?arrow_forwardThe voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there are many species of fish that use multiple action potentials in series to produce significant voltages. The electric organs in these fish are composed of specialized disk-shaped cells called electrocytes. The cell at rest has the usual potential difference between the inside and the outside, but the net potential difference across the cell is zero. An electrocyte is connected to nerve fibers that initially trigger a depolarization in one side of the cell but not the other. For the very short time of this depolarization, there is a net potential difference across the cell, as shown. Stacks of these cells connected in series can produce a large total voltage. Each stack can produce a small current; for more total current, more stacks are needed, connected in parallel. In an electric eel, each electrocyte can develop a voltage of 150 mV for a short time. For a total voltage of 450 V, how many electrocytes must…arrow_forward
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