University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 7CQ
Why might the detection of panicle interaction that violates an established particle conservation law be considered a good thing for a scientist?
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More than 60 years ago, future Nobel laureate Sheldon Glashow predicted that if an antineutrino — the antimatter answer to the nearly massless neutrino — collided with an electron, it could produce a cascade of other particles. The Glashow resonance phenomenon is hard to detect, in large part because the antineutrino needs about 1,000 times more energy than what's produced in the most powerful colliders on Earth.
Let's compare this event to an ordinary baseball with a mass of 146 g. Please use three significant figures in your calculations.
1.What is the threshold antineutrino energy for the Glashow resonance in peta electronvolts (PeV)?
2.What is this threshold energy in units of joules?
3.Now consider a baseball with the same kinetic energy as that of the Glashow resonance. What speed in m/s would correspond to this energy?
4.What is this rate in units of inches/second?
please help!!
The range of the nuclear strong force is believed to be about 1.2 x 10-15 m. An early theory of nuclear physics proposed that the particle that “mediates” the strong force (similar to the photon mediating the electromagnetic force) is the pion. Assume that the pion moves at the speed of light in the nucleus, and calculate the time ∆t it takes to travel between nucleons. Assume that the distance between nucleons is also about 1.2 x 10-15 m. Use this time ∆t to calculate the energy ∆E for which energy conservation is violated during the time ∆t. This ∆E has been used to estimate the mass of the pion. What value do you determine for the mass? Compare this value with the measured value of 135 MeV/c2 for the neutral pion.
According to the standard model of the fundamental particles, what are the similarities between baryons and leptons? What are the most important differences?
Chapter 11 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding What is the baryon number...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding What is the lepton number...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding What is the strangeness...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding What is the baryon number...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding How much energy does an...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding A charged particle of a...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding Why is a symmetric...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding The light of a galaxy...Ch. 11 - Check Your Understanding Compare the abundance of...Ch. 11 - What are the four fundamental forces? Briefly...
Ch. 11 - Distinguish fermions and bosons using the concepts...Ch. 11 - List the quark and lepton families.Ch. 11 - Distinguish between elementary particles...Ch. 11 - What are six particle conservation laws? Briefly...Ch. 11 - In general, how do we determine if a particle...Ch. 11 - Why might the detection of panicle interaction...Ch. 11 - What are the six known quarks? Summarize their...Ch. 11 - What is the general quark composition of a baryon?...Ch. 11 - What evidence exists for the existence of quarks?Ch. 11 - Why do baryons with the same quark composition...Ch. 11 - Briefly compare the Van de Graaff accelerator,...Ch. 11 - Describe the basic components and function of...Ch. 11 - What are the subdetectors of the Compact Muon...Ch. 11 - What is the advantage of a colliding-beam...Ch. 11 - An electron appeals in the muon detectors of the...Ch. 11 - What is the Standard Model? Express your answer in...Ch. 11 - Draw a Feynman diagram to represents annihilation...Ch. 11 - What is the motivation behind grand unification...Ch. 11 - If a theory is developed that unifies all four...Ch. 11 - If the Higgs boson is discovered and found to have...Ch. 11 - One of the common decay modes of the is 0 is 0+p ....Ch. 11 - What is meant by cosmological expansion? Express...Ch. 11 - Describe the balloon analogy for cosmological...Ch. 11 - Distances to local galaxies are determined by...Ch. 11 - What is meant by a “cosmological model of the...Ch. 11 - Describe two pieces of evidence that support the...Ch. 11 - In what sense are we, as Newton once said, "a boy...Ch. 11 - If some unknown cause of redshift—such as light...Ch. 11 - In the past, many scientists believed the universe...Ch. 11 - How much energy is released when ail electron and...Ch. 11 - If 1.01030MeV of energy is released in the...Ch. 11 - When both an electron and a positron are at rest,...Ch. 11 - What is the total kinetic energy carried away by...Ch. 11 - Which of the following decays cannot occur because...Ch. 11 - Which of the following reactions cannot because...Ch. 11 - Identify one possible decay for each of the...Ch. 11 - Each of die following strong nuclear reactions is...Ch. 11 - Based on quark composition of a proton, show that...Ch. 11 - Based on the quark composition of a neutron, show...Ch. 11 - Argue that the quark composition given in Table...Ch. 11 - Mesons are fanned from the following combinations...Ch. 11 - Why can’t either set of quarks shown below form...Ch. 11 - Experimental results indicate an isolate particle...Ch. 11 - Express the decays np+e+vand pn+e++vin terms of...Ch. 11 - A charged particle in a 2.0-T magnetic field is...Ch. 11 - A proton track passes through a magnetic field...Ch. 11 - Derive the equation p = 0.3Br using the concepts...Ch. 11 - Assume that beam energy of an electron-positron...Ch. 11 - At full energy, protons in the 2.00-km-diameter...Ch. 11 - Suppose a Wcreated in a particle detector lives...Ch. 11 - What length track does a +traveling at 0.100c...Ch. 11 - The 3.20-km-lfmg SLAC produces a beam of 50.0-GcV...Ch. 11 - Using the Heisenberg uncertainly principle,...Ch. 11 - Use the Heisenberg uncertainly principle to...Ch. 11 - (a) The following decay is mediated by the...Ch. 11 - Assuming conservation of momentum, what is the...Ch. 11 - What is the wavelength of a 50-GeV electron, which...Ch. 11 - The primary decay mode for the negative pion is +v...Ch. 11 - Suppose you are designing a proton decay...Ch. 11 - If the speed of a distant galaxy is 0.99c, what is...Ch. 11 - The distance of a galaxy from our solar system is...Ch. 11 - If a galaxy is 153 Mpc away flora us, how fast do...Ch. 11 - On average, how far away are galaxies that are...Ch. 11 - Our solar system orbits the center of the Milky...Ch. 11 - (a) Wliat is the approximate velocity relative to...Ch. 11 - (a) Calculate the approximate age of the universe...Ch. 11 - The Andromeda Galaxy is the closest large galaxy...Ch. 11 - Show that the velocity of a star orbiting its...Ch. 11 - Experimental results suggest that a muon decays to...Ch. 11 - Each of the following reactions is missing a...Ch. 11 - Because of energy loss due to synchrotron...Ch. 11 - A proton and an antiproton collide head-on, with...Ch. 11 - When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC...Ch. 11 - The core of a star collapses during a supernova,...Ch. 11 - Using the solution from the previous problem, find...Ch. 11 - (a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an...Ch. 11 - Electrons and positions are collided in a circular...Ch. 11 - The intensity of cosmic ray radiation decreases...Ch. 11 - (a) Calculate the relativistic quantity...Ch. 11 - Plans for ail accelerator that produces a...Ch. 11 - In supei novae, neutrinos are produced in huge...Ch. 11 - Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the...Ch. 11 - (a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a...Ch. 11 - (a) A panicle and its antiparticle are at rest...Ch. 11 - The peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a...Ch. 11 - (a) Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to...
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- More than 60 years ago, future Nobel laureate Sheldon Glashow predicted that if an antineutrino — the antimatter answer to the nearly massless neutrino — collided with an electron, it could produce a cascade of other particles. The "Glashow resonance (Links to an external site.)" phenomenon is hard to detect, in large part because the antineutrino needs about 1,000 times more energy than what's produced in the most powerful colliders on Earth. Let's compare this event to an ordinary baseball with a mass of 146 g. Please use three significant figures in your calculations. 1. Now consider a baseball with the same kinetic energy as that of the Glashow resonance. What speed in m/s would correspond to this energy? 2.arrow_forwardMore than 60 years ago, future Nobel laureate Sheldon Glashow predicted that if an antineutrino — the antimatter answer to the nearly massless neutrino — collided with an electron, it could produce a cascade of other particles. The "Glashow resonanceLinks to an external site." phenomenon is hard to detect, in large part because the antineutrino needs about 1,000 times more energy than what's produced in the most powerful colliders on Earth. What is the threshold antineutrino energy for the Glashow resonance in peta electronvolts (PeV)?arrow_forwardWhat do the quark compositions and other quantum numbers imply about the relationships between the ∆+ and the proton? The ∆0 and the neutron?arrow_forward
- The Δ++ particle was important in the development of the model ofquarks. It is a Baryon with a charge of +2?. Strangeness, Charm, Topness, and Bottomness are all zero for this particle. What is the quark content of the Δ++?arrow_forwardWhat are the disadvantages of colliding-beam accelerators?arrow_forwardCalculate the minimum kinetic energy of a proton to be scattered from a fi xed proton target to produce an antiproton.arrow_forward
- In the theory of quantum chromodynamics, quarks come in three colors. How would you justify the statement, “All baryons and mesons are colorless”?arrow_forwardFor left-handed and right-handed quarks, what is the left-handed and right-handed coupling to Z bosons?arrow_forward3. (a) Verify that the minimum energy a photon must have to create an electron-positron pair in the presence of a stationary nucleus of mass M is 2mc2(1 + m/M), where m is the electron rest mass. (b) Find the minimum energy needed for pair production in the presence of a proton.arrow_forward
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