Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 63P
Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling freely in atmospheric air at I atm and
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Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling freely in atmospheric air at 1 atm and 5°C. Determine the terminal velocity of the hail. Take the density of hail to be 910 kg/m3. Take the density and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atm and 5°C as ρ = 1.269 kg/m3 and v = 1.382 × 10–5 m2/s. The figure for the average drag coefficient for cross-flow over a smooth circular cylinder and a smooth sphere is given below.
Find the terminal velocity of the hail:
Air ( density :1,2 kg /m3 viscosity : 1.5x10-5 m2 /s ) flows over a flat plate of length 2,5 m and width 1 m at a test speed of 1,5 m/s. Determine the approximate magnitude of frictional force, F . (Flat plate is totally submerged in air and both surfaces of it are of same surface quality )ANSWER: F = 0,017955 N
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plate. When water at 51.9°C flows across a flat plate, the distance from the front edge of the plate to
where the transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs is determined to be 314mm.
1. What is the bulk velocity of the water flowing over the plate?
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is measured, what would the bulk velocity be?
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point of the two cases above and comment on your finding.
4. Based on the average convective heat transfer coefficient up to the laminar/turbulent transition
distance, which fluid would yield a higher heat transfer rate under the specified conditions?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 11 - What is drag? What causes it? Why do we usually...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11 - Which bicyclist is more likely to go faster: one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11 - Define the frontal area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Define the planform area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - What is the difference between streamlined and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CPCh. 11 - During flow over a given body, the drag force, the...
Ch. 11 - During flow over a given slender body such as a...Ch. 11 - What is terminal velocity? How is it determined?Ch. 11 - What is the difference between skin friction drag...Ch. 11 - What is the effect of surface roughness on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15CPCh. 11 - What is flow separation? What causes it? What is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17CPCh. 11 - Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does...Ch. 11 - In general, how does the drag coefficient vary...Ch. 11 - Fairings are attached to the front and back of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - The resultant of the pressure and wall shear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - A circular sign has a diameter of 50 cm and is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - At highway speeds, about half of the power...Ch. 11 - A submarine can be treated as an ellipsoid with a...Ch. 11 - A 70-kg bicyclist is riding her 1 5-kg bicycle...Ch. 11 - A wind turbine with two or four hollow...Ch. 11 - During steady motion of a vehicle on a level road,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37EPCh. 11 - A 0.80-m-diameter, 1 .2-rn-high garbage can is...Ch. 11 - An 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40PCh. 11 - The drag coefficient of a vehicle increases when...Ch. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - During major windstorms, high vehicles such as RVs...Ch. 11 - What does the friction coefficient represent in...Ch. 11 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - How is the average friction coefficient determined...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47EPCh. 11 - The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51EPCh. 11 - Air at 25C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - During a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5C , and I...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58CPCh. 11 - Why is flow separation in flow over cylinders...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60CPCh. 11 - A 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is...Ch. 11 - A 1ong 5-cm-diameter steam pipe passes through...Ch. 11 - Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 64EPCh. 11 - Prob. 65PCh. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67EPCh. 11 - One of the popular demonstrations in science...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69PCh. 11 - What is stall? What causes an airfoil to stall?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at zero...Ch. 11 - Both the lift and the drag of an airfoil increase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 75CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 80CPCh. 11 - How do flaps affect the lift and the drag of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 82EPCh. 11 - Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84PCh. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - A tennis ball with a mass of 57 and a diameter of...Ch. 11 - A small aircraft has a wing area of 40 m2, a lift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89PCh. 11 - Consider a light plane that has a total weight of...Ch. 11 - A small airplane has a total mass of 1800 kg and a...Ch. 11 - An airplane has a mass of 48.000 k. a wins area of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93EPCh. 11 - Prob. 94PCh. 11 - Prob. 95EPCh. 11 - A 2-zn-high, 4-zn-wide rectangular advertisement...Ch. 11 - 11-97 A plastic boat whose bottom surface can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99PCh. 11 - Prob. 100EPCh. 11 - A commercial airplane has a total mass of 150.000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102PCh. 11 - Prob. 103PCh. 11 - Prob. 104PCh. 11 - Prob. 105PCh. 11 - Prob. 107PCh. 11 - Prob. 108PCh. 11 - Prob. 109PCh. 11 - Prob. 110PCh. 11 - Prob. 111PCh. 11 - Prob. 113PCh. 11 - Prob. 115PCh. 11 - Prob. 116PCh. 11 - Prob. 117PCh. 11 - Prob. 118PCh. 11 - Prob. 119PCh. 11 - The region of flow trailing the body where the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 121PCh. 11 - Prob. 122PCh. 11 - Prob. 123PCh. 11 - Prob. 124PCh. 11 - Prob. 125PCh. 11 - Prob. 126PCh. 11 - An airplane has a total mass of 3.000kg and a wing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128PCh. 11 - Write a report on the history of the reduction of...Ch. 11 - Write a report oil the flips used at the leading...Ch. 11 - Discuss how to calculate drag force a unsteady...Ch. 11 - Large commercial airplanes cruise at high...Ch. 11 - Many drivers turn off their air conditioners and...Ch. 11 - Consider the boundary layer growing on a flat...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain the 'flow separation phenomena' for flow over a cylinder in cross flow. Can flow separation occur over a flat plate.arrow_forwardQ1- Air at 27°C and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at a speed of 2 m/s. Calculate the boundary- layer thickness at distances of 20 cm and 40 cm from the leading edge of the plate. The viscosity of air at 27°C is 1.85×105 kg/m. s. density of air 1.177kg/m³arrow_forwardThe mean free path of a gas, I, is defined as the average distance traveled by molecules between collisions. A proposed formula for estimating /of an ideal gas is l = 1.26- PVRTarrow_forward
- What fluid property is responsible for the development of the velocity boundary layer? What is the effect of the velocity on the thickness of the boundary layer?arrow_forwardAn 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is 1150 kg/m3 is dropped into water at 20°C. Determine the terminal velocity of the sphere in water.arrow_forwardConsider a laminar flow over a flat plate of length L = 1m. The boundary layer thickness at the end of the plate is dw for water, and 6, for air for the same free stream velocity. If the kinematic viscositics of water and air arc 1x106 m/s and 1.6x10-5 m/s. respectively, the numerical value of the ratio, warrow_forward
- An aluminium canoe moves horizontally along the surfaceof a lake at 8.0 mi/h.The temperature of the lake water is50°F. The bottom of the canoe is 18 ft long and is flat. Is theboundary layer on the canoe bottom laminar or turbulent?. Thekinematic viscosity of Water at 50°F is 1.516 *10-5ft2/s.arrow_forwardA 0.75 m by3m flat plate is towed at 5 m/s on a 2.5-mm-thick layer of SAE-30 oil at 38°C, with absolute viscocity of 100 cP,that separates it from a flat surface. The velocity distribution between the plate and the surface is assumed to be linear. What force is required if the plate and surface are horizontal?arrow_forwardASAParrow_forward
- Air at 27°C and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at a speed of 2 m/s. Calculate the boundary- layer thickness at distances of 20 cm and 40 cm from the leading edge of the plate. Calculate the mass flow that enters the boundary layer between x=20 cm and x=40 cm. The viscosity of air at 27°C is 1.85X10-5 kg/m s. Assume unit depth in the z direction.arrow_forwardWhich quantities are physical phenomena associated with fluid flow over bodies? I. Drag force acting on automobiles II. The lift developed by airplane wings III. Upward draft of rain and snow IV. Power generated by wind turbines (a) I and II (b) I and III (c) II and III (d ) I, II, and III (e) I, II, III, and IVarrow_forward5. The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado (elevation 1610 m) is 83.4 kPa. Air at this pressure and at 25°C flows with a velocity of 9 m/s over a 2.5-m x 5-m flat plate. Determine the drag force acting on the top surface of the plate if the air flows parallel to the (a) 5-m-long side and (b) the 2.5-m-long side.arrow_forward
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