Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 23P
To determine
The friction drag coefficient of the sphere.
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During a high Reynolds number
experiment, the total drag force acting on a
spherical body of diameter \{D=\) 7 cm
subjected to airflow at 1 atm and 5°C is
measured to be 5 N. The pressure drag
acting on the body is calculated by
integrating the pressure distribution
(measured by the use of pressure sensors
throughout the surface) to be 2.1 N.
Determine the friction drag coefficient of
the sphere.
For the same values as above, find the
velocity of air during the test. Given that
density and viscosity of air at 50C5oC are
1.269kg/m3 and 1.754×10-5kg/ms.
Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling freely in atmospheric air at 1 atm and 5°C. Determine the terminal velocity of the hail. Take the density of hail to be 910 kg/m3. Take the density and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atm and 5°C as ρ = 1.269 kg/m3 and v = 1.382 × 10–5 m2/s. The figure for the average drag coefficient for cross-flow over a smooth circular cylinder and a smooth sphere is given below.
Find the terminal velocity of the hail:
Q1- Air at 27°C and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at a speed of 2 m/s. Calculate the boundary-
layer thickness at distances of 20 cm and 40 cm from the leading edge of the plate. The viscosity
of air at 27°C is 1.85×105 kg/m. s. density of air 1.177kg/m³
Chapter 11 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 11 - What is drag? What causes it? Why do we usually...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11 - Which bicyclist is more likely to go faster: one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11 - Define the frontal area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Define the planform area of a body subjected to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - What is the difference between streamlined and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CPCh. 11 - During flow over a given body, the drag force, the...
Ch. 11 - During flow over a given slender body such as a...Ch. 11 - What is terminal velocity? How is it determined?Ch. 11 - What is the difference between skin friction drag...Ch. 11 - What is the effect of surface roughness on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15CPCh. 11 - What is flow separation? What causes it? What is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17CPCh. 11 - Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does...Ch. 11 - In general, how does the drag coefficient vary...Ch. 11 - Fairings are attached to the front and back of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - The resultant of the pressure and wall shear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - Prob. 24PCh. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - A circular sign has a diameter of 50 cm and is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28PCh. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - At highway speeds, about half of the power...Ch. 11 - A submarine can be treated as an ellipsoid with a...Ch. 11 - A 70-kg bicyclist is riding her 1 5-kg bicycle...Ch. 11 - A wind turbine with two or four hollow...Ch. 11 - During steady motion of a vehicle on a level road,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37EPCh. 11 - A 0.80-m-diameter, 1 .2-rn-high garbage can is...Ch. 11 - An 8-mm-diameter plastic sphere whose density is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40PCh. 11 - The drag coefficient of a vehicle increases when...Ch. 11 - To reduce the drag coefficient and thus to improve...Ch. 11 - During major windstorms, high vehicles such as RVs...Ch. 11 - What does the friction coefficient represent in...Ch. 11 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 11 - How is the average friction coefficient determined...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47EPCh. 11 - The local atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51EPCh. 11 - Air at 25C and 1 atm is flowing over a long flat...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54PCh. 11 - During a winter day, wind at 70 km/h, 5C , and I...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - The forming section of a plastics plant puts out a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58CPCh. 11 - Why is flow separation in flow over cylinders...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60CPCh. 11 - A 5-mm-diameter electrical transmission line is...Ch. 11 - A 1ong 5-cm-diameter steam pipe passes through...Ch. 11 - Consider 0.8-cm-diameter hail that is falling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 64EPCh. 11 - Prob. 65PCh. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67EPCh. 11 - One of the popular demonstrations in science...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69PCh. 11 - What is stall? What causes an airfoil to stall?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at zero...Ch. 11 - Both the lift and the drag of an airfoil increase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 75CPCh. 11 - Air is flowing past a symmetrical airfoil at an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 80CPCh. 11 - How do flaps affect the lift and the drag of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 82EPCh. 11 - Consider an aircraft that takes off at 260 km/h...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84PCh. 11 - Prob. 85PCh. 11 - A tennis ball with a mass of 57 and a diameter of...Ch. 11 - A small aircraft has a wing area of 40 m2, a lift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 89PCh. 11 - Consider a light plane that has a total weight of...Ch. 11 - A small airplane has a total mass of 1800 kg and a...Ch. 11 - An airplane has a mass of 48.000 k. a wins area of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93EPCh. 11 - Prob. 94PCh. 11 - Prob. 95EPCh. 11 - A 2-zn-high, 4-zn-wide rectangular advertisement...Ch. 11 - 11-97 A plastic boat whose bottom surface can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 99PCh. 11 - Prob. 100EPCh. 11 - A commercial airplane has a total mass of 150.000...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102PCh. 11 - Prob. 103PCh. 11 - Prob. 104PCh. 11 - Prob. 105PCh. 11 - Prob. 107PCh. 11 - Prob. 108PCh. 11 - Prob. 109PCh. 11 - Prob. 110PCh. 11 - Prob. 111PCh. 11 - Prob. 113PCh. 11 - Prob. 115PCh. 11 - Prob. 116PCh. 11 - Prob. 117PCh. 11 - Prob. 118PCh. 11 - Prob. 119PCh. 11 - The region of flow trailing the body where the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 121PCh. 11 - Prob. 122PCh. 11 - Prob. 123PCh. 11 - Prob. 124PCh. 11 - Prob. 125PCh. 11 - Prob. 126PCh. 11 - An airplane has a total mass of 3.000kg and a wing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 128PCh. 11 - Write a report on the history of the reduction of...Ch. 11 - Write a report oil the flips used at the leading...Ch. 11 - Discuss how to calculate drag force a unsteady...Ch. 11 - Large commercial airplanes cruise at high...Ch. 11 - Many drivers turn off their air conditioners and...Ch. 11 - Consider the boundary layer growing on a flat...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What fluid property is responsible for the development of the velocity boundary layer? What is the effect of the velocity on the thickness of the boundary layer?arrow_forwardA cloud of coal particles is traveling through a system. The cloud diameter estimated to be 0.027 m and the individual particles are 50 um in diameter with the density of 1300 kg/m'. The total cloud is moving such that its drag coefficient is constant at 0.44. The individual particles in the cloud move much slower, such that the drag coefficient given by stock's law. The system has atmospheric air transporting and the cloud density is 190 kg/m3. Determine the ratio of internal velocity to cloud velocity. Atmospheric air density 1.2 kg/m'.arrow_forwardA 0.80-m-diameter, 1.2-m-high garbage can is found in the morning tipped over due to high winds during the night. Assuming the average density of the garbage inside to be 150 kg/m3 and taking the air density to be 1.25 kg/m3, estimate the wind velocity during the night when the can was tipped over. Take the drag coefficient of the can to be 0.7.arrow_forward
- The drag coefficient of a car at the design conditions of 1 atm, 70°F, and 60 mi/h is to be determined experimentally in a large wind tunnel in a full-scale test. The frontal area of the car is 22.26 ft2. If the force acting on the car in the flow direction is measured to be 68 lbf, determine the drag coefficient of this car.arrow_forwardAtmospheric air is in parallel flow (u∞ = 10 m/s, T = 15°C) over a flat heater surface that is to be maintained at a temperature of 90°C. The heater surface area is 0.25 m², and the airflow is known to induce a drag force of 0.17 N on the heater. What is the electrical power, in kW, needed to maintain the prescribed surface temperature? Use the modified Reynolds or Chilton-Colburn analogy. Evaluate properties for the air at 325 K. q= i kWarrow_forwardA parachute of hemi-spherical shape allows a parachute jumper of weight 90kg to descend with a steady velocity of 8 m/s ignoring air movement. The drag coefficient of parachute as determined from experiments is 1.5. Take the density of air as 1.2 kg/m³. The drag force will be equal to O 90 N O 720 N 883 N O 1156 Narrow_forward
- Air at temperature 20 C and pressure 1 atm, flow over a flat plate at 3 m/s. The surface temperature of the plate 60 C and the plate width 30 cm, at distance 30 cm from the leading edge .Take the air properties as following, µ=2.02x10^-5 kg/m.s, k=0.0292 W/m.C, Cp=1.01 kJ/kg.C, : ρ = 1.128 kg/ m3, Pr=0.7. Choose the correct answer: Total heat transfer rate The average heat transfer coefficient is : The thickness of thermal boundary layer isarrow_forwardRequired information When tested in water at 20°C flowing at 2 m/s, an 8-cm-diameter sphere has a measured drag of 5 N. For water at 20°C, take p≈ 998 kg/m³ and μ≈ 0.001 kg/m.s. For sea-level standard air, take p≈ 1.2255 kg/m³ and 1.78E-5 kg/m.s. Identify the drag force on the 4.5-m- diameter weather balloon moored in sea-level standard air under dynamically similar conditions. The drag force is N.arrow_forwardAir at 30oC (density=1.165 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity = 16x10-5 m2/s) flows over a flat plate at a free stream velocity of 4.19 m/s. Determine the boundary layer thickness at distances of 0.2m, 0.5 m and 0.8 m. Also determine the skin friction coefficients, both local and average, at these locations.arrow_forward
- The form drag coefficient of a certain light aircraft is equal to 0.02. Its skin friction drag coefficient is 0.009. Determine its maximum lift-to-drag ratio (nearest hundredths) if its interference drag is 8 percent of its profile drag. The aircraft has an elliptical wing with an aspect ratio of 6.9.arrow_forwardA car is moving at a speed of 70 km/h in air at 20°C. The frontal area of the car is 2.4 m2. If the drag force acting on the car in the flow direction is 205 N, the drag coefficient of the car is (a) 0.312 (b) 0.337 (c) 0.354 (d ) 0.375 (e) 0.391arrow_forwardThe sphere of diameter of 5.0 cm is moving in still water at a velocity of 2.0 m/s. The drag coefficient is 0.44. Determine the hydrodynamic drag acting on the sphere if the density of water is 997 kg/m^3*arrow_forward
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