Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 4MC
Assume that an EPSP is being generated on the dendritic membrane. Which will occur? (a) specific Na+ channels will open, (b) specific K+ channels will open, (c) a single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of Na+ and K+, (d) Na+ channels will open first and then close as K+ channels open.
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(b)
Use Figure Q1(b) of an action potential to answer questions (i) until (iv) below.
Choose the correct letter to represent each condition.
(i)
The neuron cannot fire an action potential because it is in a refractory period.
(ii)
The membrane potential is about -70 mV.
(iii)
The voltage-gated Na+ channels activation gates are closed, but the
inactivation gates are open.
(iv)
Both gates of the voltage-gated Na+ channels are open.
C
Threshold
B
A
E
Figure Q1 (b)
a) How does a CAP differ from a single action potential?
b) Action potentials are said to be all or none responses. Why does the frog sciatic nerve give a graded response?
What happens when a resting neuron’s membranedepolarizes?(A) There is a net diffusion of Na+out of the cell.(B) The equilibrium potential for K+(EK) becomesmore positive.(C) The neuron’s membrane voltage becomesmore positive.(D) The cell’s inside is more negative than the outside
Chapter 11 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - What is meant by integration, and does it...Ch. 11.1 - Which subdivision of the PNS is involved in (a)...Ch. 11.2 - Which type of neuroglia controls the extracellular...Ch. 11.2 - Which two types of neuroglia form insulating...Ch. 11.3 - How does a nucleus within the brain differ from a...Ch. 11.3 - How is a myelin sheath formed in the CNS, and what...Ch. 11.3 - Which structural and functional type of neuron is...Ch. 11.3 - MAKING CONNECTIONS Which part of the neuron is its...Ch. 11.4 - For an open channel, what factors determine in...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 10CYU
Ch. 11.5 - What determines the size of a graded potential?Ch. 11.6 - Which is bigger, a graded potential or an action...Ch. 11.6 - An action potential does not get smaller as it...Ch. 11.6 - Why does a myelinated axon conduct action...Ch. 11.6 - If an axon receives two stimuli close together in...Ch. 11.7 - Events at a chemical synapse usually involve...Ch. 11.7 - What structure joins two neurons at an electrical...Ch. 11.8 - Which ions flow through chemically gated channels...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 11.9 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 11.9 - Why is cyclic AMP called a second messenger?Ch. 11.10 - Which types of neural circuits would give a...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 23CYUCh. 11.10 - What pattern of neural processing occurs when we...Ch. 11 - Which of the following structures is not part of...Ch. 11 - Match the names of the supporting cells found in...Ch. 11 - Assume that an EPSP is being generated on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11 - The velocity of nerve impulse conduction is...Ch. 11 - Chemical synapses are characterized by all of the...Ch. 11 - Biogenic amine neurotransmitters include all but...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8MCCh. 11 - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning...Ch. 11 - The anatomical region of a multipolar neuron where...Ch. 11 - An IPSP is inhibitory because (a) it...Ch. 11 - Identify the neuronal circuits described by...Ch. 11 - Explain both the anatomical and functional...Ch. 11 - (a) Describe the composition and function of the...Ch. 11 - (a) What is myelin? (b) How does the myelination...Ch. 11 - (a) Contrast unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar...Ch. 11 - What is the polarized membrane state? How is it...Ch. 11 - Describe the events that must occur to generate an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19SAQCh. 11 - (a) Explain the difference between an EPSP and an...Ch. 11 - Since at any moment a neuron is likely to have...Ch. 11 - The effects of neurotransmitter binding are very...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23SAQCh. 11 - Prob. 24SAQCh. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...
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- Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?(A) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction.(B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltagegated Na+channels.(C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential thanthe terminals of the axon.(D) Voltage-gated channels for both Na+and K+open in onlyone direction.arrow_forwardD Threshold B A . Earrow_forwardRead the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forward
- Depolarization of a neuron plasma membrane will shift the membrane potential toward (a) 0 mV. (b) -70 mV. (c) -90 mV. (d) a, b, and c are correct.arrow_forward3) Neurons cannot respond during the absolute refractory period because: a) the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are reversed. b) the cell is below its normal resting membrane potential. c) voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates are closed. d) voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates are closed.arrow_forwardb) You are having a shower with warm water, and all of a sudden, the water turns ice cold! How do you think your temperature sensory neurons code this very noticeable and strong stimulus? a) They produce larger EPSPS at the same rate as under the warm water condition. b) They produce larger, but the same number of, action potentials as under the warm water condition. c) They produce smaller EPSPS at a higher rate than under the warm water condition. d) They produce the same number and size action potentials that travel faster down the neurons than under the warm water condition. e) They produce more action potentials of the same size as under the warm water conditionarrow_forward
- A) What is the point A on the graph? Define this term. B) What ions are moving at B on the graph, what direction are they moving and what type of channel is it? C) What ions are moving at C on the graph, what direction are they moving and what type of channel is it? D) If we used a chemical on the nerve at point B that prevented the channels for C from opening what would happen to the action potential?arrow_forwardA toxin causes neurons to fire excessively. What is a possible mechanism for this effect? A) Chloride channels are blocked. This leads to less EPSPs. B) Sodium channels are blocked. This leads to less IPSPs. C) Chloride channels are blocked. This leads to less IPSPs. D) Sodium channels are blocked. This leads to less EPSPS.arrow_forwardNerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.arrow_forward
- A common feature of action potentials is that they(A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.(B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation.(C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches threshold.(D) move at the same speed along all axons.arrow_forwardFollowing a current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Is the produced voltage change a hyperpolarization or a depolarization, and why? b) Is the produced voltage change excitatory or inhibitory, and why? c) What is the reason the voltage change switches from passive to active?arrow_forwardWhich statement is true regarding the action potential process? 1) the repolarization phase must occur prior to depolarization 2) hyperpolarization allows for Na+ and K+ ions to move into and out of the cell 3) the action potential process only occurs at the nodes of ranvier in myelinated axons 4) depolarization occurs because voltage gated K+ channels allow K+ ions to rush into the cellarrow_forward
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