Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 19SAQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The prediction of the CNS (central nervous system) whether a stimulus is strong and weak.
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Which of the following is true regarding the difference between graded and action potentials?
a.) Action potential occur only when the surface of the neuron is myelinated, but graded potentials occur in both in both myelinated and non-myelinated neurons.
b.) The magnitude of action potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas graded potentials are all or none.
c.) The magnitude of graded potential depends on the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all or none.
Applying a pressure stimulus to the fluid-filled capsule of an isolated Pacinian corpuscle causes a brief burst of action potentials in the afferent neuron, which ceases until the pressure is removed, at which time another brief burst of action potentials occurs. If an experimenter removes the capsule and applies pressure directly to the afferent neuron ending, action potentials are continuously fired during the stimulus. Explain these results in the context ofadaptation.
Does the action potential in a single axon increase in amplitude when the stimulus amplitude is increased? Does the amplitude of the CAP increase because more fibers are firing, or the amplitude of the action potentials from single fibers are increasing, or a combination of both?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - What is meant by integration, and does it...Ch. 11.1 - Which subdivision of the PNS is involved in (a)...Ch. 11.2 - Which type of neuroglia controls the extracellular...Ch. 11.2 - Which two types of neuroglia form insulating...Ch. 11.3 - How does a nucleus within the brain differ from a...Ch. 11.3 - How is a myelin sheath formed in the CNS, and what...Ch. 11.3 - Which structural and functional type of neuron is...Ch. 11.3 - MAKING CONNECTIONS Which part of the neuron is its...Ch. 11.4 - For an open channel, what factors determine in...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 10CYU
Ch. 11.5 - What determines the size of a graded potential?Ch. 11.6 - Which is bigger, a graded potential or an action...Ch. 11.6 - An action potential does not get smaller as it...Ch. 11.6 - Why does a myelinated axon conduct action...Ch. 11.6 - If an axon receives two stimuli close together in...Ch. 11.7 - Events at a chemical synapse usually involve...Ch. 11.7 - What structure joins two neurons at an electrical...Ch. 11.8 - Which ions flow through chemically gated channels...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 11.9 - Prob. 20CYUCh. 11.9 - Why is cyclic AMP called a second messenger?Ch. 11.10 - Which types of neural circuits would give a...Ch. 11.10 - Prob. 23CYUCh. 11.10 - What pattern of neural processing occurs when we...Ch. 11 - Which of the following structures is not part of...Ch. 11 - Match the names of the supporting cells found in...Ch. 11 - Assume that an EPSP is being generated on the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11 - The velocity of nerve impulse conduction is...Ch. 11 - Chemical synapses are characterized by all of the...Ch. 11 - Biogenic amine neurotransmitters include all but...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8MCCh. 11 - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning...Ch. 11 - The anatomical region of a multipolar neuron where...Ch. 11 - An IPSP is inhibitory because (a) it...Ch. 11 - Identify the neuronal circuits described by...Ch. 11 - Explain both the anatomical and functional...Ch. 11 - (a) Describe the composition and function of the...Ch. 11 - (a) What is myelin? (b) How does the myelination...Ch. 11 - (a) Contrast unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar...Ch. 11 - What is the polarized membrane state? How is it...Ch. 11 - Describe the events that must occur to generate an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19SAQCh. 11 - (a) Explain the difference between an EPSP and an...Ch. 11 - Since at any moment a neuron is likely to have...Ch. 11 - The effects of neurotransmitter binding are very...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23SAQCh. 11 - Prob. 24SAQCh. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...
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Similar questions
- How do we distinguish a strong stimulus from a weak one when the information about both stimuli is relayed by action potentials that are all the same amplitude?arrow_forwarda) Which letter represents structure that is a receptor for sensory info? b) Which letter represents a skeletal muscle? c) Which letter represents structure that transmits info to CNS d) Which letter represents structure that is known as cell body of a sensory neurone? e) Which letter represents structure that is cell body of a post-ganglionic sympathetic neuron?arrow_forwardTwo separate post-synaptic interneurons receive synaptic potentials from afferent neurons in the periphery. The dendrites of one these interneurons receive an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP) of equal magnitude at the same time. The dendrites of the other interneuron receive one excitatory post-synaptic potential that is the same sized as the EPSP and IPSP received by the other interneuronarrow_forward
- Assume that two nerve fibers have the same diameter, but one ismyelinated and the other is unmyelinated. The conduction of anaction potential is most energy-efficient along which type of fiber?(Hint: Think about the required ATP.)arrow_forwardb) You are having a shower with warm water, and all of a sudden, the water turns ice cold! How do you think your temperature sensory neurons code this very noticeable and strong stimulus? a) They produce larger EPSPS at the same rate as under the warm water condition. b) They produce larger, but the same number of, action potentials as under the warm water condition. c) They produce smaller EPSPS at a higher rate than under the warm water condition. d) They produce the same number and size action potentials that travel faster down the neurons than under the warm water condition. e) They produce more action potentials of the same size as under the warm water conditionarrow_forwardCompare the following:(a) Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)(b) Resting potential and action potential(c) Choroid and retinaarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the most direct result of depolarizingthe presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?(A) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open.(B) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane.(C) Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmittersto enter the synaptic cleft.(D) An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell.arrow_forwardWhat effect would you expect an antagonist that targets the voltage sensing domain of perisynaptic calcium channels of an inhibitory interneuron have on the firing frequency of a finically active neuron that interneuron synapses onto? Explain in detailsarrow_forwardCell bodies of UMN that synapse on LMN lie in all of these areas EXCEPT a) Medulla b) Thalamus c) Pre-motor cortex Pons d) Primary motor cortexarrow_forward
- You and your lab partner have prepared a frog nerve for gathering data on action potentials. You connect an electronic stimulator to the nerve and ask your partner to gradually increase the voltage until you see an action potential. Your partner says that the voltage knob is stuck and will not increase the voltage. To finally get an action potential, they begin to trouble shoot and instead of increasing the voltage, they begin to simulate the nerve over and over again and see an action potential. What type of summation is this describing? action potentials graded potentials spatial summation temporal summation O thresholdarrow_forwardUsing the neurons below, how can you decrease the connection strength (amplitude of EPSP) onto the test cell below? You can only change the properties of the blue neuron. How could you change the properties of the blue neuron to increase the connection strength onto the test cell? What type of plasticity is this? Now, briefly explain how the properties of synaptic plasticity could result in “learned” behaviors such as stopping at a stop sign while driving.arrow_forwardBased on the graph, how soon could another action potential be easily initiated (at the end of the relative refractory period) after the first stimulus? (Base your answer to this question on the graph below depicting an action potential.) less than 0.5 msec 1 msec 2 msec 3 msec 4 msecarrow_forward
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