Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 11, Problem 28QAP
Section 11.6 uses a "firefly" analogy to illustrate how the wave mechanical modal for the atom differs from Bohr’s. model. Explain this analogy.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Ch. 11.4 - now have evidence that electron energy levels in...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 11.1SCCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.2SCCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.3SCCh. 11.10 - Prob. 1CTCh. 11 - ow does probability ?t into the description of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2ALQCh. 11 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 11 - onsider the following statements: “The ionization...Ch. 11 - n going across a row of the periodic table,...
Ch. 11 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 11 - rue or false? The hydrogen atom has a 3 orbital....Ch. 11 - Prob. 8ALQCh. 11 - ake sense of the fact that metals tend to lose...Ch. 11 - Show how using the periodic table helps you find...Ch. 11 - r Questions 11—13, you will need to consider...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 11 - Prob. 13ALQCh. 11 - Prob. 14ALQCh. 11 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 11 - What evidence do we have that energy levels in an...Ch. 11 - Explain the hydrogen emission spectrum. Why is it...Ch. 11 - There am an infinite number of allowed transitions...Ch. 11 - You have learned that each orbital is allowed two...Ch. 11 - Atom A has valence electrons that are lower in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21ALQCh. 11 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 11 - hat questions were left unanswered by Rutherford’s...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 11 - he “Chemistry in Focus" segment Light as a Sex...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 11 - hen lithium salts are heated in a flame, they emit...Ch. 11 - The energy of a photon of visible light emitted by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 11 - An excited atom can release some or all of its...Ch. 11 - How is the energy carried per photon of light...Ch. 11 - When an atom energy from outside, the atom goes...Ch. 11 - Describe briefly why the study of electromagnetic...Ch. 11 - What does it mean to say that the hydrogen atom...Ch. 11 - Because a given element’s atoms emit only certain...Ch. 11 - How does the energy possessed by an emitted photon...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 11 - When a tube containing hydrogen atoms is energized...Ch. 11 - What are the essential points of Bohr‘s theory of...Ch. 11 - According to Bohr, what happens to the electron...Ch. 11 - How does the Bohr theory account for the observed...Ch. 11 - Why was Bohr's theory for the hydrogen atom...Ch. 11 - What major assumption (that was analogous to what...Ch. 11 - Discuss briefly the difference between an orbit...Ch. 11 - Discuss briefly the difference between an orbit...Ch. 11 - Section 11.6 uses a "firefly" analogy to...Ch. 11 - Your text describes the probability map for an s...Ch. 11 - Consider the following representation of a set of...Ch. 11 - What are the differences between the :math>2s...Ch. 11 - What overall shape do the 2p and 3p orbitals have?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 11 - When the electron in hydrogen is in the n=3...Ch. 11 - Although a hydrogen atom has only one electron,...Ch. 11 - Complete the following table. trong>Value of n...Ch. 11 - When describing the electrons in an orbital, we...Ch. 11 - Why can only two electrons occupy a particular...Ch. 11 - How does the energy of a principal energy level...Ch. 11 - The number of sublevels in a principal energy...Ch. 11 - According to the Pauli exclusion principle, a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 11 - Which of the following orbital designations...Ch. 11 - Which of the following orbital designations is...Ch. 11 - Which orbital is the first be filled in any atom?...Ch. 11 - When a hydrogen atom is in its ground state, in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 11 - How are the electron arrangements in a given group...Ch. 11 - Write the full electron configuration ( 1s22s2...Ch. 11 - To which element does each of the following...Ch. 11 - Write the full electron configuration...Ch. 11 - To which element does each of the following...Ch. 11 - Write the complete orbital diagram for each of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 55QAPCh. 11 - For each of the following, give an atom and its...Ch. 11 - Why do we believe that the valence electrons of...Ch. 11 - Would you expect the Valence electrons of rubidium...Ch. 11 - Using the symbol of the previous noble gas in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 61QAPCh. 11 - How many valence electrons does each of the...Ch. 11 - How many 3d electrons are found in each of the...Ch. 11 - Based on the elements’ locations on the periodic...Ch. 11 - For each of the following elements, indicate which...Ch. 11 - Write the valence-electron configuration of each...Ch. 11 - Prob. 67QAPCh. 11 - The “Chemistry in Focus" segment The Chemistry of...Ch. 11 - What are some of the physical properties that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 70QAPCh. 11 - Give some similarities than exist among the...Ch. 11 - Give some similarities that exist among the...Ch. 11 - Which of the following elements most easily gives...Ch. 11 - Which elements in a given period (horizontal row)...Ch. 11 - Where are the most nonmetallic elements located on...Ch. 11 - Why do the metallic elements of a given period...Ch. 11 - Prob. 77QAPCh. 11 - The “Chemistry in Focus" segment Fireworks...Ch. 11 - Prob. 79QAPCh. 11 - In each of the following sets of elements, which...Ch. 11 - Arrange the following sets of elements in order of...Ch. 11 - In each of the following sets of elements,...Ch. 11 - Consider the bright line spectrum of hydrogen...Ch. 11 - Prob. 84APCh. 11 - The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum...Ch. 11 - A beam of light can be thought of as consisting of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 87APCh. 11 - The Energy levels of hydrogen (and other atoms)...Ch. 11 - According to Bohr, the electron in the hydrogen...Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements is false...Ch. 11 - Electrons found in the outemost principal energy...Ch. 11 - An unknown element is a nonmetal and has a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 93APCh. 11 - The current model of the atom in which essentially...Ch. 11 - Prob. 95APCh. 11 - Prob. 96APCh. 11 - Without referring to your textbook or a periodic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 98APCh. 11 - Prob. 99APCh. 11 - Prob. 100APCh. 11 - ight waves move through space at a speed of ters...Ch. 11 - Prob. 102APCh. 11 - ow does the attractive force that the nucleus...Ch. 11 - Prob. 104APCh. 11 - ased on the ground-state electron configuration of...Ch. 11 - lement X, which has a valence shell configuration...Ch. 11 - hy do we believe that the three electrons in the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 108APCh. 11 - Prob. 109APCh. 11 - Prob. 110APCh. 11 - Prob. 111APCh. 11 - ank the following elements in order of increasing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 113APCh. 11 - Prob. 114APCh. 11 - Prob. 115APCh. 11 - Prob. 116APCh. 11 - n each of the following sets of elements, indicate...Ch. 11 - Prob. 118APCh. 11 - Determine the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 11 - hich of the following statements is(are) true? The...Ch. 11 - ive the electron configurations for the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 122CPCh. 11 - Prob. 123CPCh. 11 - Prob. 124CPCh. 11 - Prob. 125CPCh. 11 - Prob. 126CP
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- Defend and criticize Bohrs model. Why was it reasonable that such a model was proposed, and what evidence was there that it "works"? Why do we no longer "believe" in it?arrow_forwardPhotoelectron spectroscopy studies have determined the orbital energies for fluorine atoms to be 1s689eV2s34eV2p12eV Estimate the value of Zeff for F in each of these orbitals.arrow_forwarda For a pendulum having classical frequency of 1.00s1, what is the energy difference in J between quantized energy levels? b Calculate the wavelength of light that must be absorbed in order for the pendulum to go from one level to another. c Can you determine in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum such a wavelength belongs? d Comment on your results for parts a and b based on your knowledge of the state of science in early twentieth century. Why wasnt the quantum mechanical behavior of nature noticed?arrow_forward
- Calculate the energies of an electron in the fourth, fifth, and sixth energy levels of the Bohr hydrogen atom.arrow_forwardThe energy needed to ionize an atom of element X when it is in its most stable state is 500kJmol1 . However, if an atom of X is in its lowest excited state, only 120kJmol1 is needed to ionize it. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted when an atom of X undergoes a transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state?arrow_forwardAre mathematical expressions for the following potential energies positive or negative? Explain why in each case. a The attraction between an electron and a helium nucleus b The repulsion between two protons in a nucleus c The attraction between a north and a south magnetic pole d The force of gravity between the Sun and Earth e A rock perched on the edge of a cliff with respect to the base of the cliffarrow_forward
- Construct an energy level diagram showing all orbitals for the hydrogen atom up to n=5, labeling each orbital with its appropriate quantum numbers. How many different orbitals are in each shell?arrow_forwardSuppose that the spin quantum number did not exist, and therefore only one electron could occupy each orbital of a many-electron atom. Give the atomic numbers of the first three noble-gas atoms in this case.arrow_forwardBoth the electron affinity and the ionization energy of chlorine are higher than the corresponding quantities for sulfur. Explain why in terms of the electronic structure of the atoms.arrow_forward
- Why was Schrodinger not able to describe exactly the pathway an electron takes as it moves through the space of an atom?arrow_forwardHow is the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom inconsistent with the uncertainty principle? In fact, it was this inconsistency, along with the theorys limited application to non-hydrogen-like systems, that limited Bohrs theory.arrow_forwardChapter 3 introduced the concept of a double bond between carbon atoms, represented by C=C , with a length near 1.34 Å. The motion of an electron in such a bond can be treated crudely as motion in a one-dimensional box. Calculate the energy of an electron in each of its three lowest allowed states if it is confined to move in a one-dimensional box of length 1.34 Å. Calculate the wavelength of light necessary to excite the electron from its ground state to the first excited state.arrow_forward
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