EBK SEELEY'S ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259671166
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW HILL BOOK COMPANY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 23RAC
In a chemical synapse,
- Action potentials in the presynaptic terminal cause voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to open.
- Neurotransmitters can cause ligand-gated Na+ channels to open.
- Neurotransmitters can be broken down by enzymes.
- Neurotransmitters can be taken up by the presynaptic terminal.
- All of these are correct.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following describes temporal summation?
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hyperpolarize.
One presynaptic cell sends a repeated signal to depolarize.
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Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential? Select all that apply.
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The buildup of neurotransmitter will activate the presynaptic cell, causing feelings of euphoria.
Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK SEELEY'S ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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- What is a synapse? Explain the difference between an excitatory and an inhibitory synapse.arrow_forwardAssume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardDuring excitatory synaptic transmission, the electrical signal carried along the axon of a presynaptic neuron causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse and its sub- sequent reception by receptors on the postsynaptic neurons. The activation of receptors on the postsynaptic neurons then triggers the generation of the new action potential in that neuron. Both chemical and electrical neuronal signals are mediated by the movement of ions across the neuronal membrane. Which of the following correctly describes the movement of ions across neuronal membranes as an action potential is conducted down the neuron? A B с D At rest, the internal side of the membrane has an overall positive charge, but as the ac- tion potential moves down the neuron, more ions flow out of the neuron to neutralize the membrane. At rest, the internal side of the membrane has an overall positive charge, but as the ac- tion potential moves down the neuron, more ions flow into the neuron making the membrane…arrow_forward
- Which statement is TRUE about the synapse? Neurotransmitters shuttle the signal back and forth between the pre- and post-synaptic cell. The pre-synaptic cell and post-synaptic cell are in direct contact, allowing the electrical signal to seamlessly flow from one to the other. The action potential jumps from the pre-synaptic cell into the post-synaptic cell. The action potential ends in the pre-synaptic cell and neurotransmitters carry the signal across the synaptic cleft to the post-synaptic cell.arrow_forwardYou are investigating the effects of a newly discovered cell type. You have an intact synapse (including pre- and post-synaptic neurons) in a dish and observe what happens upon electrical stimulation. Following electrical stimulation of the pre-synaptic neuron, you record an action potential in the pre-synaptic neuron and an EPSP in the post-synaptic neuron. The synapse most likely utilizes which of the following neurotransmitters? Sodium (Na++) GABA Calcium (Ca++) Glutamatearrow_forwardNeurotransmitters, the chemicals used in signaling across synapses, can be either re-absorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron OR hydrolyzed after release by enzymes. Acetylcholine (ACh), the neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, is broken down by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and then its component parts are re-absorbed. Sarin gas is an extremely dangerous neurotoxin that has been utilized in terrorism and chemical warfare. It is known as a "nerve gas" because it blocks AChE. Based on your understanding of the neuromuscular junction and hydrolitic enzymes, hypothesize how sarin gas le ads to paralysis and nerve damage in the people to whom it is exposed.arrow_forward
- In chemical synapses, transmission occurs in a forward direction because :-a- neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membraneb- the subsynaptic membrane does not contain neurotransmitter vesiclesc- the subsynaptic membrane is more sensitive than the membrane of synaptic knob to the effect of neurotransmittersd- the subsynaptic membrane contains both ligand-gated and voltage-gated ionic channelsarrow_forwardWhich of the following combinations of spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials (PSP) would result in an action potential in a typical neuron? The voltage given for each PSP is measured as it reaches the axon hillock. Axon A EPSP 25 mV & axon B IPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 25 mV & axon B EPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 5 mV & axon B IPSP 5 mV Axon A EPSP 5 mV & axon B EPSP 5 mVarrow_forwardA postsynaptic neuron has three presynaptic inputs from neurons X, Y, and Z. When X and Y are stimulated simultaneously and repeatedly, the postsynaptic neuron reaches threshold and undergoes an action potential. When X and Z are stimulated simultaneously, however, there is no change in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron. Which of the following is correct? Select one: A. The simultaneous stimulation of X and Z is an example of temporal summation. O B. The simultaneous stimulation of X and Y is an example of temporal summation. O C. The repeated rapid stimulation of X is an example of spatial summation. O D. The stimulation of Y causes an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron. O E. The stimulation of Z causes a hyperpolarization in the postsynaptic neuron.arrow_forward
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